以终身体育为导向的公共体育考核方案的初步实证研究

A Preliminary Empirical Study on a Public Sports Assessment Scheme Oriented towards Lifelong Physical Education

摘要: 为应对高校公共体育考核“三脱节”的挑战，展开以建构主义、自我决定理论与发展性评价理论为支撑，以终身体育为导向的初步实证研究。本研究采用问卷调查法、半结构化访谈法，剖析传统考核内容、标准、周期、主体、功能上的短板，揭示其工具性主导、学科壁垒等深层归因。研究构建以终身体育为导向的四维考核目标，确立情境可行性、发展性、开放性、长周期原则，设计“1 + X + Y”考核模块、多元评价工具箱与协商评价机制，提出“考核–动机–行为–习惯”的传导链条路径。结果显示，改革可实现考核从终结性向发展性转变，有效培养学生自主运动、健康管理与终身锻炼能力。结论表明，该改革方案契合体教融合与体育核心素养要求，能为高校公共体育课程改革提供理论与实践参考，助力学生养成终身体育习惯。

Abstract: To address the challenge of the “three disconnects” in college public physical education assessment, this study conducts preliminary empirical research guided by the concept of lifelong sports and supported by constructivism, self-determination theory, and developmental evaluation theory. Using questionnaire surveys and interviews, the research analyzes the shortcomings of traditional assessment in terms of content, standards, cycles, subjects, and functions, revealing deep-seated causes such as instrumental dominance and disciplinary barriers. The study constructs a four-dimensional assessment goal oriented toward lifelong sports, establishes principles of contextual authenticity, developmental focus, openness, and long-term cycles, designs a “1 + X + Y” assessment module, a multi-evaluation toolkit, and a consultative evaluation mechanism, and proposes a transmission chain pathway of “assessment-motivation-behavior-habit.” Results indicate that the reform can shift assessment from summative to developmental, effectively cultivating students’ autonomous exercise, health management, and lifelong fitness capabilities. The findings demonstrate that this reform scheme aligns with the requirements of the integration of sports and education and core physical education literacy, providing theoretical and practical references for the reform of college public physical education curricula and aiding students in developing lifelong sports habits.