代际文化反哺视角下老年人数字素养提升路径研究

A Study on Pathways to Enhancing Digital Literacy among Older Adults from the Perspective of Intergenerational Cultural Exchange

摘要: 在数字化转型与人口老龄化叠加发展的背景下，老年群体面临的数字鸿沟问题已由单纯的技术接入不足逐步转向数字技能、数字认知与数字参与能力不足等深层次困境。代际文化反哺作为一种由年轻一代向年长一代传递新知识、新技术和新观念的文化互动过程，凭借家庭成员之间的情感信任与持续互动优势，成为促进老年人数字融入的重要路径。本文基于代际文化反哺视角，结合温暖专家概念、温暖–能力双维度模型、社会学习理论和数字包容理论，系统分析代际反哺促进老年人数字素养提升的作用机理。研究认为，代际文化反哺能够通过情感缓冲、认知支架、示范强化以及温暖–能力协同机制，增强老年人对数字技术的信任感、掌控感与参与意愿，从而推动其数字素养持续提升。针对当前代际反哺过程中存在的内容碎片化、持续性不足和沟通适配性欠缺等问题，提出强化家庭反哺责任、完善社区协同支持、推进技术适老化改造、营造包容性数字文化以及健全制度保障体系等优化路径，以促进老年群体共享数字发展成果，实现积极老龄化目标。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the convergence of digital transformation and an aging population, the digital divide faced by the elderly has gradually shifted from a simple lack of technological access to deeper challenges such as insufficient digital skills, digital literacy, and digital engagement capabilities. Intergenerational cultural exchange—a process of cultural interaction in which the younger generation transmits new knowledge, technologies, and ideas to the older generation—has become a key pathway for promoting the digital inclusion of older adults, leveraging the emotional trust and ongoing interaction inherent in family relationships. Based on the perspective of intergenerational cultural reciprocity, this paper integrates the concept of “warmth experts”, the warmth-competence two-dimensional model, social learning theory, and digital inclusion theory to systematically analyze the mechanisms through which intergenerational reciprocity enhances the digital literacy of older adults. The study argues that intergenerational cultural reciprocity can enhance older adults’ trust in digital technologies, their sense of control, and their willingness to participate through emotional buffering, cognitive scaffolding, demonstration reinforcement, and the warmth-competence synergy mechanism, thereby driving the continuous improvement of their digital literacy. Addressing current challenges in intergenerational support—such as fragmented content, lack of continuity, and inadequate communication adaptation—the study proposes optimization strategies including strengthening family support responsibilities, improving community-based collaborative support, advancing technology adaptation for the elderly, fostering an inclusive digital culture, and establishing a robust institutional safeguard system. These measures aim to enable older adults to share in the benefits of digital development and achieve the goals of active aging.