社会支持理论视域下老年体育参与促进健康老龄化的机制与路径

Mechanisms and Pathways of Elderly Sports Participation in Promoting Healthy Aging from the Perspective of Social Support Theory

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加深的时代背景下，健康老龄化已成为应对老龄社会挑战的核心战略。社会支持理论强调个体通过正式与非正式社会网络获得情感、工具、信息与评价支持，从而提升身心健康与社会适应能力，与老年体育参与的促进机制高度契合。本文以社会支持理论为分析框架，系统阐释社会支持通过激发参与动机、降低参与障碍、强化行为维持、提升健康收益四个维度促进老年体育参与的机制路径，深入分析当前老年体育社会支持存在的现实困境，并从家庭支持、社区支持、政府支持、数字支持四个层面提出优化路径。研究表明，社会支持网络的密度、质量与适配性直接影响老年体育参与行为的发生与持续，进而通过改善生理机能、缓解心理压力、增强社会联结等中介路径推动健康老龄化实现。未来应构建多元主体协同、线上线下融合、精准适配需求的社会支持体系，为老年体育高质量发展与健康中国建设提供理论参考与实践指引。

Abstract: Against the background of deepening population aging, healthy aging has become a core strategy to address the challenges of an aging society. Social support theory holds that individuals gain emotional, instrumental, informational and evaluative support through formal and informal social networks, so as to improve their physical and mental health as well as social adaptability. This theory is highly consistent with the promotion mechanism of elderly sports participation. Taking social support theory as the analytical framework, this paper systematically explains how social support encourages elderly people to take part in sports from four aspects: stimulating participation motivation, reducing participation barriers, strengthening behavior persistence and improving health benefits. It further analyzes practical difficulties in the current social support for elderly sports participation, and puts forward optimization pathways from four dimensions: family support, community support, government support and digital support. The study shows that the density, quality and suitability of social support networks directly affect the occurrence and continuity of elderly sports participation. In turn, healthy aging is realized through intermediate pathways such as improving physical functions, relieving psychological stress and strengthening social connections. In the future, a social support system with multi‑agent coordination, online-offline integration and accurate demand matching should be built, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the high-quality development of elderly sports and the construction of a Healthy China.