《著作权法》视域下“人机协同”美术作品的独创性认定

Determining the Originality of Human-AI Collaborative Works of Fine Art from the Perspective of Copyright Law

摘要: 人工智能辅助创作改变了美术作品的形成方式，也使美术作品独创性认定面临新的判断难题。在《著作权法》视域下，人工智能辅助生成图像能否构成美术作品，不能仅以最终画面是否完整、精致或者具有审美效果为判断依据，而应回到作品构成要件本身。作品成立要求其属于文学、艺术和科学领域，具有独创性并能以一定形式表现；其中，独创性评价又必须说明最终表达能否归属于自然人的智力投入和个性表达。人工智能可以参与图像形成过程，但不能当然成为《著作权法》意义上的作者。人工智能辅助创作中美术作品的独创性认定，应当以人类实质贡献为核心展开。表达控制程度可以作为判断人类实质贡献的核心标准，创作过程记录则可以作为证明人类实质贡献的重要证据。通过将最终结果审查转向创作过程审查，可以在承认人工智能工具价值的同时，延续《著作权法》以人类创作为基础的制度逻辑。

Abstract: AI-assisted creation has changed the way works of fine art are formed and has also brought new difficulties to the determination of originality. From the perspective of Copyright Law, whether AI-assisted generated images can constitute works of fine art should not be judged merely by whether the final image is complete, refined, or aesthetically effective, but should return to the constituent requirements of a work. A work must belong to the fields of literature, art, or science, possess originality, and be capable of being expressed in a certain form. In this regard, the assessment of originality must further explain whether the final expression can be attributed to the intellectual input and personal expression of a natural person. Artificial intelligence may participate in the process of image formation, but it cannot automatically become an author within the meaning of Copyright Law. The determination of originality in AI-assisted works of fine art should focus on substantive human contribution. The degree of expressive control may serve as the core criterion for judging substantive human contribution, while records of the creative process may serve as important evidence for proving such contribution. By shifting the focus of review from the final result to the creative process, it is possible to recognize the value of artificial intelligence as a tool while continuing the Copyright Law logic based on human creation.