基于破口的舱室火灾下邻舱的温度分析

Temperature Analysis of Adjacent Cabin under Cabin Fire with Breach

摘要: 针对海上作战环境中舰船遭受武器毁伤后产生的不同破口对火灾跨舱蔓延的影响，基于大涡模拟的火灾动力学仿真软件Pyrosim，系统研究了战损破口的位置与大小对双舱室传热及温升特性的影响。研究表明：破口的垂直高度主导了邻舱温度分层情况，高位破口导致垂直温差极大，低位破口促使邻舱温度向全局掺混演变。在流场中性面以上区域，破口的水平偏移对顶棚射流能量输运具有明显的削弱作用。跨舱对流传热强度与破口面积的扩大呈显著的非线性“节流饱和”特征，传热上限的控制瓶颈由开口阻力转移至火源自身的热释放速率上限。研究成果可为战损状态下舰船的抗火结构设计及火灾损伤管理决策提供理论支撑。

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of secondary fire spread across compartments caused by bulkhead breaches after ship damage in naval combat environments, this paper systematically investigates the effects of the location and size of war-damaged breaches on the coupled heat transfer and temperature rise characteristics in adjacent compartments based on Pyrosim, a fire dynamics simulation software utilizing the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method. The results demonstrate that the vertical height of the breach governs the thermal stratification inside the adjacent compartment, where high-level breaches lead to an extreme vertical temperature difference, while low-level breaches prompt the temperature distribution to evolve toward global mixing. Above the neutral plane of the flow field, the horizontal offset of the breach exerts a prominent weakening effect on the energy transport of the ceiling jet. Furthermore, the intensity of cross-compartment convective heat transfer and the expansion of the physical area of the breach exhibit a significant nonlinear “throttling saturation” feature, indicating that the bottleneck limiting the upper bound of heat transfer shifts from opening resistance to the maximum heat release rate of the fire source itself. The research results can provide theoretical support for the fire-resistant structural design and fire damage management prioritization decisions of damaged ships.