从地震影响因素浅探建筑设计的抗震、防震和减震

Study on Anti-Seismic, Seismic Prevention and Seismic Absorption of Building Design from the Perspective of Earthquake Influencing Factors

摘要: 本文首先从地球构造的角度，定性分析了地震形成的宏观影响因素，并重申了当前科技水平难以准确预测地震的主流观点。在此基础上，文章总结了地震对建筑造成的三种主要损害类型：振动破坏、支撑失效破坏和次生灾害破坏。最后，基于地震的不可预测性和破坏性，文章提出建筑设计应从传统的单一“抗震”理念，转向“抗震”、“防震”和“减震”三者相结合的新理念，并对这三种技术路径进行了区分和说明。

Abstract: First, the paper conducts a qualitative analysis of the macroscopic factors influencing earthquake formation from a tectonic perspective, and reiterating the prevailing view that current technological capabilities are insufficient for accurate earthquake prediction. Building on this foundation, it identifies three primary types of damage earthquakes inflict on structures: vibration-induced damage, support failure, and secondary disaster damage. Finally, given the unpredictability and destructive potential of earthquakes, the paper advocates shifting architectural design from the traditional single focus on “seismic resistance” to an integrated approach combining “seismic resistance,” “earthquake prevention,” and “vibration reduction,” while distinguishing and elaborating on each of these technical approaches.