社会工作改善农村留守老人生活质量的介入研究——以G省H村为例

Intervention Research on Improving the Quality of Life of Rural Left-Behind Elderly through Social Work—Taking Village H in Province G as an Example

摘要: 当前我国老年人口规模持续扩大、老龄化速度加快，在城镇化与人口流动双重背景下，农村老龄化程度显著高于城市，农村留守老人成为老龄化进程中最脆弱、最需关注的群体之一。这一群体由于子女外出等因素，普遍面临着家庭养老功能持续弱化、经济保障不足、精神情感孤独、社会支持薄弱、生活环境适老化水平低等多重困境。诸多问题相互交织在一起，造成这些留守老人劳务负担沉重、精神生活单调乏味，家庭氛围也有所缺失，这严重影响了他们的生活质量。社会工作秉持专业理念，使用专业方法，其介入可为破解这些困境提供有效的途径，通过精准服务、资源整合等方式，有效回应留守老人多元化、多层次需求，提升其生活质量与主观福祉。研究成果可为应对农村老龄化、完善农村养老服务体系、推进老年社会工作本土化提供理论参考与实践依据。

Abstract: At present, the scale of the elderly population in China is continuously expanding, and the pace of aging is accelerating. Against the backdrop of urbanization and population mobility, the degree of aging in rural areas is significantly higher than that in urban areas. Rural left-behind elderly have become one of the most vulnerable and in need of attention groups in the aging process. Due to factors such as children leaving for work, this group generally faces multiple predicaments, including the continuous weakening of family care functions, insufficient economic security, loneliness in spirit and emotion, weak social support, and low levels of adaptation of living environments to the needs of the elderly. These problems are intertwined, resulting in heavy labor burdens, monotonous spiritual lives, and a lack of family atmosphere for these left-behind elderly, which seriously affects their quality of life. Social work, adhering to professional concepts and using professional methods, can provide effective solutions to these predicaments. Through precise services and resource integration, it can effectively respond to the diverse and multi-level needs of left-behind elderly, improving their quality of life and subjective well-being. The research results can provide theoretical references and practical bases for addressing rural aging, improving the rural elderly care service system, and promoting the localization of elderly social work.