译者行为批评视阈下《四世同堂》黑马回译本的译者行为研究

A Study on Translator Behavior in Hei Ma’s Back-Translation of Four Generations under One Roof from the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism

摘要: 老舍先生的《四世同堂》以北平为背景，依托市民家庭日常叙事，还原特定历史阶段的社会面貌与个体生存境遇。作品在文学史叙事中常被归为现实主义小说的代表性作品之列，其漫长的创作周期与复杂的版本形态，亦使之成为现代文学研究的重要研究对象。本文以译者行为批评理论为框架，从翻译内外的双重维度，深入探讨《四世同堂》黑马回译本中译者的行为特征。从翻译外的视角观之，译者深受时代背景、翻译思想与读者意识的多重影响，其译本呈现出鲜明的“务实”倾向；而从翻译内的视角审视，译者则在意义呈现、风格再现与融合创造方面倾注心力，力求忠实再现原作的文学韵味，体现出“求真”的追求。最终，译者在“求真”与“务实”之间寻得了一种相对的平衡，使译本既忠实于原作的精神，又契合了当代读者的审美需求。

Abstract: Four Generations Under One Roof by Lao She is set in Beiping. Drawing on the daily narratives of urban civilian families, the novel reconstructs the social landscape and individual living conditions of a specific historical period. Widely categorized as a representative work of realistic fiction in literary historical discourse, the text features an extended writing cycle and complicated textual versions, rendering it a key research subject within the studies of modern Chinese literature. This paper, based on the framework of the translator’s behavioral criticism theory, explores the behavioral characteristics of the translator in the retranslation of Four Generations Under One Roof from both internal and external perspectives. From the external perspective, the translator is deeply influenced by the background of the times, translation ideology, and reader consciousness, and the translation presents a distinct “pragmatic” tendency. From the internal perspective, the translator devotes efforts to the presentation of meaning, the reproduction of style, and the creation of integration, striving to faithfully reproduce the literary charm of the original work, demonstrating the pursuit of “truth-seeking”. Ultimately, the translator strike a relative balance between “truth-seeking” and “pragmatism”, making the translation both faithful to the spirit of the original work and in line with the aesthetic needs of contemporary readers.