吴语湖州话清浊塞音声学实验研究

An Experimental Acoustic Study of Voiced and Unvoiced Plosives in the Huzhou Dialect of Wu Chinese

摘要: 吴语湖州话传统上被认为保留古全浊声母，其塞音系统通常可描写为全清、次清、全浊。为了考察湖州话全浊塞音在实际发音中是否仍表现为带音塞音，本文以嗓音起始时间(VOT)为核心声学参数，对湖州话双唇、舌尖、舌根三组塞音进行了实验分析。结果显示，湖州话全浊塞音并非在所有发音人中表现一致：一部分发音人的全浊塞音VOT主要为负值，说明闭塞阶段已经出现声带振动，能够发出较稳定的浊塞音；另一部分发音人的全浊塞音VOT主要为正值，说明其发音已接近清不送气塞音，不能稳定发出真正的浊塞音。与此同时，次清塞音的VOT显著长于全清和全浊塞音，是三分系统中最稳定的声学区别。结果表明，湖州话清浊塞音正处在“真浊保留”与“浊音清化”并存的状态，全浊声母的实际音值存在明显个体差异。

Abstract: He Huzhou dialect of Wu is traditionally considered to preserve ancient fully voiced initials, and its plosive system is typically described as fully voiceless, semi-voiceless, and fully voiced. To investigate whether the fully voiced plosives in the Huzhou dialect are still pronounced as voiced plosives in actual speech, this paper conducts an experimental analysis of the three groups of plosives in the Huzhou dialect-bilabial, apical, and velar-using vocal onset time (VOT) as the core acoustic parameter. The results show that fully voiced plosives in Huzhou dialect do not manifest consistently across all speakers: for some speakers, the VOT of fully voiced plosives is predominantly negative, indicating that vocal fold vibration has already occurred during the occlusion phase, allowing them to produce relatively stable voiced plosives; for another group of speakers, the VOT of fully voiced plosives is predominantly positive, indicating that their pronunciation approaches that of voiceless unaspirated plosives, and they are unable to consistently produce true voiced plosives. At the same time, the VOT of semi-voiced plosives is significantly longer than that of fully voiceless and fully voiced plosives, making it the most stable acoustic distinction within the tripartite system. The results indicate that the voiceless and voiced stops in the Huzhou dialect are currently in a state where “preservation of true voicing” and “devoicing of voiced sounds” coexist, and there are significant individual differences in the actual phonetic values of fully voiced initials.