家电企业成本控制效果的模糊综合评价——以美的集团为例

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Cost Control Effectiveness in Home Appliance Enterprises—A Case Study of Midea Group

摘要: 国内家电行业进入存量竞争阶段，市场趋于饱和、产品同质化使得盈利空间变小，成本控制成了制造企业的主要竞争优势。各种财务指标评判标准边界模糊，单一数据不能全面体现成本管理综合水平。本文选取美的集团2021~2025年财报数据，用单案例研究法，在国内主流家电上市企业平均水平的基础上进行参考，并采用模糊综合评价法从生产成本、期间费用、营运效率三个方面对美的集团的成本管控情况进行定量分析。依靠集中采购、数字化转型，美的的营业成本率、管理费和销售费用率连续五年都比行业平均值优，降本优势明显；但是存货周转率逐年下降，虽然仍然高于行业的平均水平，但是持续下滑的趋势将会占用营运资金、加大跌价的风险。根据家电行业产销特点，本文从差异化库存管理、产销协同、数字化仓储、绿色供应链四个方面提出落地优化方案。将模糊评价工具应用于家电成本案例的研究中，在丰富了管理会计实务研究的同时也为其他制造企业的成本优化提供了一定的借鉴。

Abstract: The domestic home appliance industry has entered a period of competition based on existing market share; with market saturation and product homogenization, the profit margin has been squeezed, and cost control has become one of the main reasons for the competitive advantage of manufacturers. The criteria for evaluating various financial indicators are often vague, and a single data point cannot fully reflect the overall effectiveness of cost management. This paper selects financial data from Midea Group from 2021 to 2025, uses a single case study method, and takes into account the average level of mainstream listed home appliance companies in China. It also uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively analyze Midea Group’s cost control from three aspects: production cost, period expenses, and operational efficiency. Relying on centralized procurement and digital transformation, Midea’s operating cost ratio, management expense ratio, and sales expense ratio have been lower than the industry average for five consecutive years, demonstrating a significant cost reduction advantage. However, its inventory turnover rate has been declining year by year. Although it is still higher than the industry average, the continued downward trend will tie up working capital and increase the risk of price drops. Based on the production and sales characteristics of the home appliance industry, this paper proposes practical optimization solutions from four aspects: differentiated inventory management, production and sales collaboration, digital warehousing, and green supply chain. Applying fuzzy evaluation tools to the study of home appliance cost cases enriches the research on management accounting practices and provides some reference for cost optimization in other manufacturing enterprises.