心理健康素养：理论沿革、影响因素及其与心理健康的关系

Mental Health Literacy: Theoretical Evolution, Influencing Factors, and Its Relationship with Mental Health

摘要: 心理健康素养脱胎于健康素养，是理解公众“不知患病、患病不治”现象的核心概念。文章系统梳理了该领域在精神医学与心理学两大路径下的理论沿革，从人口学、社会经济及文化等维度归纳了心理健康素养的影响因素，并重点辨析了其与心理健康之间的复杂关系。研究发现，心理健康素养虽常正向预测心理健康，但知识成分与心理健康并非简单线性关联，素养提升亦未必带来群体心理健康指标的同步改善。未来应深化机制探讨，推动范式向资源导向拓展，加强文化适应性与本土化研究，并重视干预的生态效度与循证转化。

Abstract: Mental health literacy originates from health literacy and serves as a core concept for understanding the public’s failure to recognize mental illness and reluctance to seek treatment. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical evolution of the field along two major approaches—psychiatry and psychology—and summarizes the influencing factors of mental health literacy from demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural dimensions. It further analyzes the complex relationship between mental health literacy and mental health. The findings indicate that although mental health literacy often positively predicts mental health, the knowledge component does not have a simple linear association with mental health, and improvements in literacy do not necessarily lead to simultaneous improvements in population mental health indicators. Future research should deepen the exploration of mechanisms, shift the paradigm toward a resource-oriented approach, strengthen cultural adaptation and localization studies, and emphasize the ecological validity and evidence-based translation of interventions.