从“去远”到世界生成：海德格尔空间性问题的存在论阐释

From De-Distancing to the Formation of Worldhood: An Ontological Interpretation of Heidegger’s Concept of Spatiality

摘要: “去远”(Ent-fernung)是《存在与时间》空间性分析中的核心概念，但其理论意义长期被限定于空间经验领域。本文认为，海德格尔提出“去远”并非为了修正传统空间观，而是通过切近性问题重新进入存在问题。切近性并不来源于空间距离，而根源于世界作为意义关联整体的结构；世界性的形成又以此在的时间性展开为前提。在这一意义上，“去远”既不是距离的消除，也不是主体对于对象的趋近，而是时间化存在生成世界经验的基本机制。通过重新考察“去远”与世界性、时间性的内在关联，可以发现海德格尔空间思想的核心关切并非空间本身，而是世界如何可能的问题。这一理解揭示海德格尔空间思想最终所指向的并非空间本身，而是世界如何可能这一存在论问题。

Abstract: De-distancing (Ent-fernung) is a central concept in Heidegger’s analysis of spatiality in Being and Time, yet its theoretical significance has often been confined to the domain of spatial experience. This paper argues that Heidegger introduces the concept of de-distancing not merely to revise the traditional understanding of space, but to reopen the question of Being through an analysis of nearness. Nearness does not originate from spatial distance; rather, it is grounded in the structure of the world as a meaningful totality of relations. Moreover, the constitution of worldhood presupposes the temporal unfolding of Dasein. In this sense, de-distancing is neither the elimination of distance nor the subject’s movement toward an object, but the fundamental mechanism through which temporally constituted existence generates world-experience. By reexamining the intrinsic relationship between de-distancing, worldhood, and temporality, this paper demonstrates that the ultimate concern of Heidegger’s analysis of spatiality is not space itself, but the ontological question of how a world becomes possible. Such an interpretation reveals that Heidegger’s reflection on spatiality ultimately points beyond spatial relations toward the ontological conditions of world formation.