我国气候变化诉讼制度的构建逻辑与完善路径

The Construction Logic and Improvement Pathways of China’s Climate Change Litigation System

摘要: 气候变化诉讼作为司法参与气候治理的重要方式，对于推动减排责任落实、维护环境公共利益和促进气候治理法治化具有重要意义。本文围绕我国气候变化诉讼制度展开研究，在梳理其概念内涵和基本特征的基础上，分析当前我国气候变化诉讼在诉讼主体资格、因果关系认定以及实体法律规范等方面存在的现实问题。研究认为，现有制度尚不能充分满足气候治理实践的需要，应立足我国环境司法实践，以环境公益诉讼为主要实现路径，以生态环境损害赔偿诉讼作为补充，充分发挥行政公益诉讼的监督功能，并完善应对气候变化相关立法及配套司法规则，逐步构建协调衔接的气候变化诉讼制度，为提升我国气候治理法治化水平提供制度支撑。

Abstract: Climate change litigation, as an important judicial mechanism for climate governance, plays a significant role in promoting the implementation of emission reduction responsibilities, safeguarding environmental public interests, and advancing the rule of law in climate governance. This paper examines China’s climate change litigation system by first clarifying its conceptual framework and fundamental characteristics, and then analyzing the major challenges facing the current system, including the standing of litigants, the determination of causation, and the inadequacy of substantive legal norms. The study argues that the existing legal framework is insufficient to meet the practical demands of climate governance. It proposes that, based on China’s environmental judicial practice, environmental public interest litigation should serve as the primary mechanism for climate change litigation, supplemented by ecological environmental damage compensation litigation, while fully utilizing the supervisory function of administrative public interest litigation. Furthermore, it recommends improving climate change-related legislation and supporting judicial rules to gradually establish a coordinated and coherent climate change litigation system, thereby providing institutional support for enhancing the rule of law in China’s climate governance.