自主教育理论视域下少年儿童自主发展能力培养研究

Cultivating Self-Development Capacity among Children and Adolescents: An Autonomous Education Theory Perspective

摘要: 自主发展能力是少年儿童适应未来社会发展和实现全面成长的重要基础。随着教育理念的不断更新以及数字化时代的深入发展，培养少年儿童自主学习、自我管理、自主实践和创新发展的能力已成为教育领域的重要议题。自主教育理论强调个体在教育过程中的主体地位，倡导通过自主参与、自主选择和自我反思促进个体持续发展。本文以自主教育理论为研究视角，采用文献研究法和理论分析法，系统阐释自主教育理论与少年儿童自主发展的内在联系，分析当前少年儿童自主发展能力培养的现实需求及存在的问题。研究发现，当前少年儿童自主发展能力培养仍面临主体地位发挥不足、实践平台建设薄弱、评价机制单一以及家庭支持不足等现实困境。基于此，本文提出树立儿童主体发展理念、构建自主参与的实践育人体系、完善自主发展评价机制、发挥少年儿童组织育人优势以及构建家校社协同育人格局等优化路径。研究认为，自主教育理论能够为少年儿童自主发展能力培养提供重要理论支撑和实践指导，对促进少年儿童全面而有个性的发展具有积极意义。

Abstract: The cultivation of self-development ability is an important foundation for children and adolescents to adapt to future social changes and achieve all-round development. With the continuous renewal of educational concepts and the rapid advancement of the digital era, fostering children’s abilities in self-directed learning, self-management, independent practice, and innovative development has become a key issue in education. The theory of autonomous education emphasizes the subjectivity of learners and advocates promoting individual growth through active participation, independent choice, and self-reflection. From the perspective of autonomous education theory, this study adopts literature review and theoretical analysis methods to explore the intrinsic relationship between autonomous education and children’s self-development, as well as the practical needs and existing challenges in cultivating self-development abilities. The study finds that current educational practices still face several difficulties, including insufficient recognition of children’s subject status, limited opportunities for practical participation, inadequate evaluation mechanisms, and insufficient family support. Accordingly, this paper proposes several strategies, including establishing child-centered educational concepts, building participatory practice systems, improving developmental evaluation mechanisms, strengthening the educational functions of children’s organizations, and promoting cooperation among families, schools, and communities. It is concluded that autonomous education theory provides significant theoretical support and practical guidance for cultivating children’s self-development abilities and contributes to their comprehensive and individualized growth.