县域生鲜冷链物流节点选址实证研究——以河南西华县为例

Empirical Study on the Location Selection of County-Level Fresh Cold Chain Logistics Nodes—A Case Study of Xihua County, Henan Province

摘要: 破解农产品流通“最初一公里”难题是县域经济高质量发展的关键。本文以河南省西华县为实证样本，从技术赋能、要素重组、模式创新三个维度搭建分析框架，整合熵值法、耦合协调度模型、DEA-Malmquist指数、固定效应模型与0-1混合整数规划，形成“协同评价–效率检验–因素识别–选址优化”的研究体系。研究表明：2018~2025年西华县数字技术发展与生鲜冷链耦合协调度从轻度失调提升至初级协调；数字技术应用可显著提升县域生鲜冷链效率，技术进步与要素配置效率的中介效应占比分别为26.3%、32.9%；“1个县级枢纽 + 4个乡镇节点”的最优布局可使全生命周期成本降低18.7%，生鲜货损率降至8.2%。本研究可为中西部农业县域冷链网络建设提供量化参考。

Abstract: Resolving the “first kilometer” bottleneck in agricultural product circulation is critical to the high-quality development of county-level economies. Taking Xihua County, Henan Province, as an empirical case, this paper constructs an analytical framework from three dimensions—technology empowerment, factor reorganization, and model innovation—and integrates the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, DEA-Malmquist index, fixed-effects model, and 0-1 mixed integer programming to form a comprehensive research system covering “synergy evaluation, efficiency testing, factor identification, and location optimization”. The findings show that from 2018 to 2025, the coupling coordination degree between digital technology development and the fresh-produce cold chain in Xihua County improved from mild imbalance to primary coordination. The application of digital technology significantly enhances county-level fresh-cold-chain efficiency, with the mediating effects of technological progress and factor allocation efficiency accounting for 26.3% and 32.9%, respectively. The optimal layout of “one county-level hub plus four township nodes” can reduce the full life-cycle cost by 18.7% and lower the fresh-produce loss rate to 8.2%. This study provides quantitative references for cold-chain network construction in agricultural counties in central and western China.