公共数据开放对企业数字技术创新的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Open Public Data on Enterprise Digital Technology Innovation

摘要: 在数字经济快速发展的背景下，公共数据开放共享对激发企业创新活力具有重要意义。本文以2010~2023年中国A股上市企业为研究对象，利用地方政府数据开放平台上线作为准自然实验，构建多期双重差分模型，考察公共数据开放对企业数字技术创新的影响及作用机制。研究发现：公共数据开放显著提升了企业数字技术创新水平，该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明，公共数据开放通过提升企业资产利用效率、增强市场公平竞争程度以及缓解企业融资约束三条路径，共同驱动企业数字技术创新。异质性分析显示，该促进效应在非国有企业、成长期企业、东部地区企业以及高科技行业企业中更为显著。本文为理解公共数据开放的微观创新效应提供了实证支持，也为优化数据要素配置提供了政策启示。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the digital economy, the opening and sharing of public data is of great significance for stimulating the innovation vitality of enterprises. Taking China’s A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2023 as the research sample, this paper regards the launch of local government data open platforms as a quasi-natural experiment, and constructs a time-varying difference-in-differences model to investigate the impact and mechanism of public data openness on enterprise digital technology innovation. The results show that public data openness significantly improves the level of enterprise digital technology innovation, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis indicates that public data openness drives enterprise digital technology innovation through three channels: improving asset utilization efficiency, strengthening the degree of fair market competition, and alleviating corporate financing constraints. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, growth-stage enterprises, enterprises in eastern regions, and high-tech industries. This paper provides empirical support for understanding the micro-innovation effects of public data openness, and also offers policy implications for optimizing the allocation of data factors.