双碳目标下农户绿色农业生产行为现实困境与对策研究

Research on Practical Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Green Agricultural Production Behaviors under the Dual Carbon Goals

摘要: 立足双碳战略背景，聚焦我国小农户绿色农业生产行为展开研究。农业兼具减排与固碳作用，传统粗放生产方式碳排放突出，小农户作为核心生产主体转型滞后制约农业低碳发展。当前农业绿色政策框架基本成型，规模经营主体转型成效明显，但小农户受认知、收益、风险内生约束，叠加碳价值转化机制缺失、技术金融设施供给不足、政策协同激励监管不完善等外部困境，绿色生产推广阻力较大。对此，文章提出综合对策：分层培育农户破除内生障碍，搭建普惠碳交易体系实现碳汇增收，补齐技术、金融、基础设施短板，统筹多部门协同完善长效激励监管，依托社会化服务赋能小农户，全方位推动农业绿色低碳转型，助力乡村振兴与农业生态文明建设。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the Dual Carbon Strategy, this paper conducts research focusing on the green agricultural production behaviors of smallholder farmers in China. Agriculture plays dual roles in greenhouse gas emission reduction and carbon sequestration, yet traditional extensive farming patterns generate substantial carbon emissions. As the core participants in agricultural production, the slow green transition of smallholder farmers hinders the low-carbon development of agriculture. At present, the policy framework for green agriculture has taken initial shape, and large-scale business entities have achieved remarkable results in low-carbon transformation. Nevertheless, smallholder farmers face internal constraints including insufficient awareness, inadequate returns and high operational risks, coupled with external dilemmas such as an incomplete carbon value conversion mechanism, shortages of technical, financial and infrastructural support, and inadequate coordination among policies, incentives and supervision, creating major obstacles to the popularization of green production. Accordingly, this study puts forward comprehensive countermeasures: eliminate internal barriers through targeted training for farmers, build an inclusive carbon trading system to increase farmers’ income from carbon sinks, remedy deficiencies in technology, finance and infrastructure, improve long-term incentive and supervision mechanisms via cross-departmental coordination, and empower smallholders through agricultural socialized services. These measures will comprehensively advance the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture and boost rural revitalization as well as the construction of agricultural ecological civilization.