农户参与和美乡村建设困境与优化路径探析

An Analysis of Difficulties and Optimization Paths of Farmers’ Participation in the Construction of Beautiful and Harmonious Countryside

摘要: 和美乡村是乡村振兴的进阶形态，农户作为乡村建设的核心主体，其有效参与是激活乡村内生动力、推动乡村高质量发展、缩小城乡发展差距的关键抓手。本文从参与主体、领域、模式、成效四方面梳理农户参与乡村建设的现状，发现当前农户参与存在主体老龄化、参与表层化、参与模式多元但长效不足等突出特征。研究进一步厘清农户参与乡村建设的五大现实困境：主体参与意识薄弱、综合人力资本欠缺、利益联结机制松散、参与制度保障缺位、资金技术人才核心要素供给不足。据此从思想观念引导、专业技能培育、利益共同体构建、乡村自治制度完善、多元资源精准供给五个层面提出针对性优化路径，旨在推动农户深度参与、共建和美乡村，持续夯实乡村振兴发展根基。

Abstract: The beautiful and harmonious countryside represents an advanced form of rural revitalization. As the core participants in rural construction, farmers’ effective participation serves as a crucial lever for activating rural endogenous momentum, promoting high-quality rural development, and narrowing the urban-rural development gap. This paper sorts out the current status of farmers’ participation in rural construction from four dimensions: participating subjects, participation fields, participation modes, and practical effects. It identifies prominent problems in current farmer participation, including the aging of participating subjects, superficial participation behavior, and diversified yet unsustainable participation modes. The study further clarifies five practical dilemmas restricting farmers’ participation in rural construction: weak subjective willingness to participate, insufficient comprehensive human capital, loose interest linkage mechanisms, inadequate institutional guarantees for participation, and insufficient supply of core elements including capital, technology and talents. On this basis, targeted optimization paths are proposed from five perspectives: ideological guidance, professional skill training, interest community construction, improvement of rural autonomy systems, and precise supply of diversified resources. The research aims to promote in-depth farmer participation in the joint construction of beautiful and harmonious countryside, and continuously consolidate the foundation for rural revitalization.