平台劳动者权益保障研究——基于嵌入式支持机制的分析

Research on the Rights Protection of Platform Workers: An Analysis Based on the Embedded Support Mechanism

摘要: 平台用工在扩大就业容量、提升资源配置效率的同时，也带来劳动关系认定模糊、职业伤害保障衔接不足、算法管理约束增强、组织化程度偏低和公共服务可及性不足等问题。既有研究多从劳动法、社会保障或平台治理角度展开，对工会、社区和社会工作等中介性支持力量如何进入劳动者日常劳动场景，并将个体诉求转化为制度议题的讨论仍显不足。文章基于劳动关系治理、生态系统理论和赋权理论，借鉴经济社会学关于“嵌入”的理论传统，结合国家维护新就业形态劳动者权益的政策实践，提出以政府制度供给为牵引、工会组织覆盖与权益协商为枢纽、平台责任落实为基础、社区公共空间和社会工作专业服务为支撑的嵌入式支持机制。研究认为，应通过组织嵌入、服务嵌入、空间嵌入和制度嵌入，形成劳动权益维护、社会保障衔接、心理与发展支持、平台规则协商相互联动的治理格局。嵌入式支持机制的重点不是以关爱服务替代法定权益保障，而是在明确平台责任和工会维权功能的基础上，提高劳动者知情、表达、协商和救济能力。

Abstract: While platform-based employment expands employment capacity and improves the efficiency of resource allocation, it also gives rise to problems such as ambiguous labor-relationship identification, insufficient occupational-injury protection, intensified algorithmic management, weak organization, and limited access to public services. Existing studies mainly focus on labor law, social security, and platform governance, while insufficient attention has been paid to how trade unions, communities, and social work services can be embedded in workers’ daily labor scenarios and transform individual claims into institutional issues. Drawing on labor-relations governance, ecological systems theory, empowerment theory, and the tradition of “embeddedness” in economic sociology, this paper proposes an embedded support mechanism led by governmental institutional supply, coordinated by trade-union organization and rights negotiation, based on platform responsibility, and supported by community space and professional social work services. The study argues that, through organizational, service, spatial, and institutional embedding, rights protection, social-security connection, psychological and developmental support, and platform-rule consultation should be integrated. The mechanism does not replace statutory rights protection with caring services; rather, on the basis of clarifying platform responsibility and the rights-defending function of trade unions, it aims to strengthen workers’ capacities for information, expression, negotiation and remedy.