养老机构营养不良老年人轻度认知障碍现状及其影响因素研究
A Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People with Malnutrition in Elderly Care Institutions
摘要: 目的：探讨养老机构营养不良老年人轻度认知障碍现状及其影响因素。方法：2025年7月~12月，采取便利抽样法，选取河北唐山市7所养老机构内的853位老年人为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、养老机构特征性量表、微型营养评估简表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、日常生活活动能力量表和老年孤独感量表收集资料。结果：35.9%养老机构营养不良老年人发生轻度认知障碍。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、痴呆家族史、社交频率、认知活动参与度、入住养老机构时间、与养老院同伴及工作人员的关系及老年孤独感是老年人轻度认知障碍的影响因素(均P < 0.05)。结论：养老机构营养不良老年人与轻度认知障碍的高发存在一定关联，该群体认知衰退风险相对更高。基于二者的相关性特征，护理人员可针对性实施精准干预措施，有望延缓营养不良老年人的认知衰退进程，降低其轻度认知障碍的发生风险。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment among malnourished elderly individuals in elderly care institutions. Methods: From July to December 2025, a total of 853 elderly people were recruited from 7 elderly care institutions in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, using the convenience sampling method. Research data were collected through the General Information Questionnaire, Elderly Care Institution Characteristic Scale, Short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Elderly Loneliness Scale. Results: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among malnourished elderly residents in elderly care institutions was 35.9%. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, family history of dementia, social frequency, participation in cognitive activities, length of residence in elderly care institutions, relationships with peers and staff, and elderly loneliness were significant influencing factors for mild cognitive impairment (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Studies have shown that malnutrition in older adults residing in nursing homes is correlated with a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and an increased risk of cognitive decline. Based on this correlation, nurses can implement targeted and precise intervention measures to help slow the progression of cognitive decline and reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment among malnourished older adults.
文章引用：唐启群, 靳杨, 胡惠菊, 王艳东, 佟长颖, 杨简瑞, 李梦. 养老机构营养不良老年人轻度认知障碍现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 护理学, 2026, 15(8): 179-189. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2026.158260

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