积极老龄化视域下农村以地养老的困局与对策建议

Dilemmas and Countermeasures for Rural Land-Based Elderly Care from the Perspective of Active Ageing

摘要: 在人口老龄化城乡倒置加剧与农村养老服务供给不足的双重背景下，以地养老逐渐受到学界关注。本文以积极老龄化理论为视域，系统考察农村以地养老面临的困局及其破解路径。研究认为，以地养老受到四重困局的制约：土地权益资产化面临法律与政策梗阻，资金链可持续性存在隐忧，养老服务供给呈现系统性短缺，跨部门协同机制存在制度性缺失。破解上述困局，需要从价值理念、主体能力、实践模式、资源整合、监督评估五个维度协同推进，具体包括重塑积极老龄化价值理念，激活老年人参与主体能力，探索多元化实践模式，整合乡村存量资源，健全监督评估与动态调整机制。本文为积极老龄化理论在农村土地制度语境下的应用提供了新的分析框架，也为农村以地养老的规范化发展提供了学理支撑。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of an ageing population, the aggravation of urban-rural inversion, and insufficient rural elderly care services, rural land-based elderly care has gradually garnered academic attention. This paper, from the perspective of the active ageing theory, systematically examines the dilemmas faced by rural land-based elderly care and the paths to resolve them. The study argues that land-based elderly care is constrained by four major dilemmas: the assetisation of land rights faces legal and policy obstacles, there are hidden concerns regarding the sustainability of the funding chain, the supply of elderly care services shows systemic shortages, and there is an institutional lack of cross-departmental coordination mechanisms. To resolve these dilemmas, coordinated progress is needed across five dimensions: value concepts, stakeholder capacities, practical models, resource integration, and supervision and evaluation. Specifically, this includes reshaping the value concept of active ageing, activating the participatory capacity of the elderly, exploring diversified practical models, integrating existing rural resources, and improving supervision, evaluation, and dynamic adjustment mechanisms. This paper provides a new analytical framework for the application of active ageing theory in the context of rural land systems and offers theoretical support for the standardised development of rural land-based elderly care.