数字适老化进程中代际支持的双重效应研究

A Study on the Dual Effects of Intergenerational Support in the Process of Digital Ageing-Friendly Transformation

摘要: 在数字化深度渗透老龄社会的背景下，家庭内部的代际支持已成为弥合老年人数字鸿沟的主要非正式机制。然而，代际支持并非单一正向力量。本文基于社会资本理论与代际支持理论，采用文献分析法与理论分析方法，系统剖析了子女支持对老年人数字融入的双重效应：赋能效应通过资源供给、技能反哺与情感激励三条路径提升老年人数字能力；替代效应则通过效率代办、风险代管与依赖强化三种机制诱发技术惰性，形成“助而不能”的结构性困境。研究发现：情感支持具有最广泛的群体普适性；替代效应在独居、农村、低教育等高风险群体中尤为突出。两种效应的消长取决于子女支持方式、老年人数字自我效能感与数字产品适老化程度三重因素的交互作用，且技术供给侧的“适配性困境”是放大替代效应的重要外部驱动力。为此，本文从技术供给、社会支持与制度赋权三个维度提出协同治理路径，以期推动老年群体从“被动接入”向“主动融入”转变。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening digital penetration in an aging society, intergenerational support within families has become the primary informal mechanism for bridging the digital divide among older adults. However, intergenerational support is not a purely positive force. Based on social capital theory and intergenerational support theory, this paper employs literature review and theoretical analysis to systematically examine the dual effects of children’s support on older adults’ digital inclusion: the empowerment effect enhances older adults’ digital capabilities through three pathways—resource provision, skill transfer, and emotional encouragement; the substitution effect, however, induces technological inertia through three mechanisms—efficiency-driven delegation, risk management, and dependency reinforcement—creating a structural dilemma where “assistance fails to achieve its intended purpose.” The study found that emotional support exhibits the broadest universal applicability; the substitution effect is particularly pronounced among high-risk groups such as those living alone, in rural areas, or with low educational attainment; the interplay between these two effects depends on the interaction of three factors: the manner of parental support, older adults’ digital self-efficacy, and the degree of age-friendly design in digital products; furthermore, the “adaptability dilemma” on the technology supply side serves as a significant external driver amplifying the substitution effect. Accordingly, this paper proposes a collaborative governance pathway across three dimensions—technology supply, social support, and institutional empowerment—with the aim of facilitating a shift among the elderly from “passive access” to “active integration”.