换位效应的心理语言学研究：理论、影响因素与跨语言差异
Transposed-Letter Effect in Psycholinguistics: Theories, Influencing Factors, and Cross-Linguistic Differences
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2026.168381, PDF,   
作者: 何梦霞, 胡文彬*：天津中医药大学管理学院，天津；陈 彧：天津中医药大学管理学院，天津；东南大学外国语学院，江苏 南京
关键词: 换位效应；词汇加工；跨语言比较；心理语言学；Transposed-Letter Effect； Lexical Processing； Cross-Linguistic Comparison； Psycholinguistics
摘要: 换位效应是心理语言学领域关于词汇加工的核心现象，指字母或汉字位置互换后仍能被快速识别的认知效应，其研究对揭示词汇身份与位置信息的编码机制具有关键意义。本文回顾换位效应的理论发展，分析其影响因素，并比较英语与汉语的跨语言差异。理论部分从位置特异性编码到语境敏感性编码逐层展开；影响因素包括换位位置、身份、语境及个体差异；跨语言比较则围绕加工单元、影响因素与神经机制展开。研究发现：换位效应具有跨语言普遍性，但表现形式受文字类型制约，英语字母换位以词中效应最强，汉语汉字与部件换位受结构特性影响；个体语言经验如二语熟练度、口语经验对效应强度具有调节作用；语音信息可用性也会影响位置加工精度。未来研究应进一步整合多模态技术，深化特殊人群加工机制及语境交互作用的探讨，为语言认知理论完善与教学实践提供支撑。
Abstract: The transposed-letter effect is a central phenomenon in the field of psycholinguistics concerning lexical processing; it refers to the cognitive phenomenon whereby letters or Chinese characters can still be rapidly recognized after their positions have been swapped. Research into this effect is of crucial importance for elucidating the encoding mechanisms underlying lexical identity and positional information. This paper reviews the theoretical development of the transposed-letter effect, analyses its influencing factors, and compares cross-linguistic differences between English and Chinese. The theoretical section is structured in a step-by-step manner, progressing from position-specific encoding to context-sensitive encoding; influencing factors include the position of transposition, identity, context and individual differences; the cross-linguistic comparison focuses on processing units, influencing factors and neural mechanisms. The findings reveal that whilst the transposed-letter effect is cross-linguistically universal, its manifestation is constrained by script type: in English, the strongest effect occurs when letters are transposed within a word, whilst in Chinese, the transposed-letter effect of characters and their components is influenced by structural characteristics; individual linguistic experiences, such as second-language proficiency and spoken language experience, act as moderators of the effect’s intensity; the availability of phonetic information also influences the accuracy of positional processing. Future research should further integrate multimodal techniques and deepen the exploration of processing mechanisms in specific populations and contextual interactions, thereby providing support for the refinement of language cognition theory and teaching practice.
文章引用：何梦霞, 陈彧, 胡文彬 (2026). 换位效应的心理语言学研究：理论、影响因素与跨语言差异. 心理学进展, 16(8), 121-129. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.168381

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