“电磁场与电磁波”的四阶教学路径探索与实践——以麦克斯韦方程组建立过程为例

Exploration and Practice of the Fourth-Stage Teaching Path of “Electromagnetic Fields and Waves”—Taking the Establishment Process of Maxwell’s Equations as an Example

摘要: 《电磁场与电磁波》是电子信息类专业的重要基础必修课程，经教学观察发现，学生常因课程理论抽象而脱离认知，难以激发学习兴趣，易产生畏难情绪，学习效果差。为解决这一问题，提升课程教学品质，提出一种“现象–矛盾–创新–统一”的四阶探究式教学路径，并以麦克斯韦方程组建立过程的教学为案例进行实践教学，引导学生亲历“观察现象–发现矛盾–提出创新–实现统一”的完整认知过程，使价值塑造有机融入知识传授与能力培养。实践表明，该路径有效激发了学生的学习动力，加深了对核心知识的理解，并同步培养了学生实事求是、敢于质疑、勇于创新的科学素养和家国情怀，实现育人育才的共同协作，并为同类工科理论课的思政建设提供了创新参考路径。

Abstract: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves is an important basic compulsory course for electronic information majors. Through teaching observation, it has been found that students often become disconnected from cognition due to the abstract theory of the course, which makes it difficult to stimulate their interest in learning, and they are prone to fear of difficulties, resulting in poor learning outcomes. To address this issue and enhance the quality of course teaching, a four-stage inquiry-based teaching path of “phenomenon-contradiction-innovation-unity” is proposed. Taking the teaching of the establishment process of Maxwell’s equations as a practical teaching case, students are guided to experience the complete cognitive process of “observing phenomena—discovering contradictions—proposing innovations—achieving unity”, so that value shaping can be organically integrated into knowledge impartation and ability cultivation. Practice has shown that this path effectively stimulates students’ learning motivation, deepens their understanding of core knowledge, and simultaneously cultivates students’ scientific literacy and national sentiment of seeking truth from facts, daring to question, and being brave in innovation. It achieves the common collaboration of educating people and nurturing talents, and provides an innovative reference path for the ideological and political construction of similar engineering theoretical courses.