路径化护理干预对脑血管狭窄介入治疗患者术后并发症及其与狭窄程度关系的研究

A Study on Path-Based Nursing Interventions for Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Interventional Treatment for Cerebral Vascular Stenosis and Their Relationship with Stenosis Severity

摘要: 目的：探讨路径化护理干预对脑血管狭窄患者介入治疗术后并发症的临床效果及其与狭窄程度的关系。方法：本研究为类实验性研究，纳入2023年12月至2025年6月收治的90例脑血管狭窄介入治疗患者，采用类实验性研究分为对照组、观察组各45例。两组患者基线资料均衡可比，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。对照组实施常规护理，观察组采用临床护理路径干预。通过比较两组患者术后并发症发生率、住院时长及患者满意度等指标，评估路径化护理模式的临床应用价值及分析并发症种类与脑血管狭窄程度的关系。结果：观察组术后并发症发生率为8.89% (4/45)，对照组24.44% (11/45)，两组比较有统计学意义(P = 0.04)。观察组住院时长(10.00 ± 2.93) d，对照组(12.13 ± 4.01) d，两组比较有统计学意义(P = 0.006)。观察组满意度97.78% (44/45)，对照组88.89% (40/45)，两组比较无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。血管狭窄程度与穿刺处皮下血肿、假性动脉瘤、脑血管痉挛等并发症均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，与脑过度灌注综合征(P < 0.01)的发生存在统计学意义。结论：临床护理路径模式可有效降低脑血管狭窄患者介入治疗术后并发症发生率，缩短住院时长，并提升患者满意度。脑高灌注综合征的发生与血管狭窄程度呈正相关。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of pathway-based nursing interventions on postoperative complications following interventional procedures in patients with cerebral vascular stenosis, and to examine its relationship with the degree of stenosis. Methods: This quasi-experimental study consecutively enrolled 90 patients with cerebral arterial stenosis undergoing endovascular treatment from December 2023 to June 2025, who were then assigned using the quasi-experimental study to a control group and an observation group (45 cases per group) with well-balanced baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). Patients were allocated to either the control group or the clinical-pathway group (n = 45 each) according to the order of admission. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group underwent clinical pathway-based nursing intervention. The clinical benefit of the pathway was assessed by comparing postoperative complication rates, length of stay, and patient satisfaction between the two groups. In addition, we analyzed whether specific complication types were associated with the degree of arterial stenosis. Results: The postoperative complication rate was 8.89% (4/45) in the observation group and 24.44% (11/45) in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.04). Mean length of stay was 10.00 ± 2.93 days in the clinical-pathway group and 12.13 ± 4.01 days in the control group (P = 0.006). Patient satisfaction was 97.78% (44/45) in the observation group and 88.89% (40/45) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The degree of vascular stenosis showed no statistically significant association with complications, such as subcutaneous haematoma at the puncture site, pseudoaneurysm, or cerebral vasospasm (P > 0.05), but was statistically significant in relation to the occurrence of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The clinical nursing pathway model effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative complications following interventional procedures in patients with cerebral vascular stenosis, shortens hospital stays, and enhances patient satisfaction. The occurrence of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is closely associated with the degree of vascular stenosis.