中青年原发性高血压患者生活方式干预对血压控制及心血管危险因素的影响

Effects of Lifestyle Intervention on Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young and Middle-Aged Patients with Essential Hypertension

摘要: 目的：探讨系统性生活方式干预应用于中青年原发性高血压患者的临床效果，分析其对患者血压控制水平及心血管危险因素的改善作用，为中青年高血压慢病管理提供科学依据。方法：选取2025年1月~2025年12月我院收治的200例中青年原发性高血压患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组与干预组，各100例。对照组实施常规高血压健康指导与药物治疗，干预组在对照组基础上实施饮食、运动、作息、心理、控烟限酒多维度系统化生活方式干预，持续干预12个月。对比两组患者干预前后收缩压、舒张压水平，血压控制合格率，同时检测两组体质量指数、血脂、血糖、心率等心血管危险因素指标，统计心血管不良事件发生率。结果：干预前，两组患者血压水平、各项心血管危险因素指标对比无统计学差异(P > 0.05)；干预12个月后，两组收缩压、舒张压均显著降低，且干预组低于对照组(P < 0.05)。干预组血压控制合格率94.00%，显著高于对照组78.00% (P < 0.05)。干预后，两组BMI、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、静息心率均较干预前改善，且干预组改善幅度更优(P < 0.05)。随访期间，干预组心血管不良事件发生率3.00%，低于对照组12.00% (P < 0.05)。结论：针对性系统化生活方式干预可有效降低中青年原发性高血压患者血压水平，提升血压控制率，改善肥胖、高血脂、高血糖等心血管危险因素，减少心血管不良事件发生，适合在中青年高血压人群中推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of systematic lifestyle intervention in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension, analyze its improving effects on blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors, and provide scientific evidence for chronic disease management of hypertension among young and middle-aged populations. Methods: A total of 200 young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension admitted to our hospital from January 2025 to December 2025 were enrolled as research subjects and divided into control group and intervention group by random number table method, with 100 cases in each group. The control group received routine hypertension health education and pharmacotherapy. On the basis of the control group, the intervention group was given multi-dimensional systematic lifestyle intervention covering diet, exercise, work-rest schedule, mental regulation, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction for 12 consecutive months. The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as well as the qualified rate of blood pressure control were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Cardiovascular risk indicators including body mass index (BMI), blood lipid, blood glucose and heart rate were detected, and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was statistically calculated. Results: Before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure levels and all cardiovascular risk factors between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 12 months of intervention, SBP and DBP of both groups decreased significantly, and those in the intervention group were lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The qualified rate of blood pressure control in the intervention group was 94.00%, which was markedly higher than 78.00% in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and resting heart rate of both groups were improved compared with baseline, with more prominent improvements observed in the intervention group (P < 0.05). During follow-up, the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the intervention group was 3.00%, lower than 12.00% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Targeted systematic lifestyle intervention can effectively reduce blood pressure levels, elevate blood pressure control rate, ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and cut down the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension, which is worthy of popularization and application among this population.