木质素改性沥青阻燃抑烟性能研究综述
Review on Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppression Properties of Lignin-Modified Asphalt
摘要: 木质素与沥青具有相似的化学结构，且作为一种环境友好、可再生的碳基烃类材料，近年来在沥青路面领域的应用研究受到广泛关注。本文系统总结了木质素的来源、化学组成以及其在沥青中的多种应用形式，如改性剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂和填充剂等，并重点探讨了木质素改性沥青的燃烧特性及阻燃抑烟机理，同时介绍了沥青阻燃性能的常用试验方法。本文还结合国内外研究进展，深入分析了木质素在降低沥青可燃性、抑制烟雾释放以及提升沥青综合路用性能方面的重要影响，并对未来木质素改性沥青阻燃抑烟材料的研究方向进行了展望。目前，木质素改性沥青的阻燃抑烟机理尚未得到系统深入的研究，但已有的研究表明，木质素能够显著改善沥青的高温流变性、抗老化性能，并在对沥青进行PG分级后提高其高温等级。因此，木质素在公路隧道及普通公路建设中具有重要的应用潜力，其环境友好、可再生且价格低廉的特性使其有望成为未来沥青阻燃抑烟领域的重要发展方向，未来仍需开展更多研究以推动木质素在路面工程中的广泛应用。
Abstract: Lignin has a similar chemical structure to asphalt, and as an environmentally friendly and renewable carbon-based hydrocarbon material, its application research in the field of asphalt pavement has received extensive attention in recent years. This paper systematically summarizes the sources, chemical composition of lignin, and its various application forms in asphalt, such as modifier, antioxidant, emulsifier, and filler, and focuses on the combustion characteristics and flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of lignin-modified asphalt, while introducing the common test methods for asphalt flame retardant performance. Combined with the research progress at home and abroad, this paper deeply analyzes the important influence of lignin in reducing asphalt flammability, suppressing smoke release, and improving the comprehensive road performance of asphalt, and prospects the future research direction of lignin-modified asphalt flame retardant and smoke suppression materials. At present, the flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of lignin-modified asphalt have not been systematically and in-depth studied, but existing studies have shown that lignin can significantly improve the high-temperature rheological properties and anti-aging performance of asphalt and increase its high-temperature grade after PG grading of asphalt. Therefore, lignin has important application potential in highway tunnel and ordinary highway construction. Its environmentally friendly, renewable and low-cost characteristics make it expected to become an important development direction in the field of asphalt flame retardant and smoke suppression in the future. More research is still needed to promote the wide application of lignin in pavement engineering.
文章引用：杨春巧. 木质素改性沥青阻燃抑烟性能研究综述[J]. 土木工程, 2026, 15(8): 76-91. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2026.158203

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