外包用工模式下生产安全事故的民事赔偿责任主体研究

Research on the Subject of Civil Liability for Production Safety Accidents under Outsourced Employment

摘要: 外包用工模式在我国各行业各领域已高度普及，但由此引发的生产安全事故问题也越来越突出。在司法实践中，发包单位、承包单位、实际用工单位之间常就责任承担相互推诿，责任主体认定模糊，各地法院适用的归责原则亦不统一，导致受害人索赔困难。文章采用规范分析方法，梳理承包单位作为直接负责主体的法律依据及责任边界、发包单位承担连带责任的具体条件及例外情形，并探讨多层转包下的责任分配规则。研究指出，现行法律规范碎片化严重，合同约定与法定责任常相脱节。鉴于此，应构建类型化的责任认定规则，强化发包方的注意义务与连带责任，同时引入举证责任缓和机制，以完善责任主体制度、便利受害人救济。

Abstract: The outsourced employment model is widely used in China, but production safety accidents have become increasingly serious. In judicial practice, contract-awarding parties, contractors, and actual employers often shift responsibility, making it difficult to determine the liable subject, while inconsistent court rules hinder victims’ compensation. Using normative analysis, this paper clarifies the contractor’s liability, the conditions for joint liability of the contract-awarding party, and allocation rules in multi-layered subcontracting. It finds that current laws are fragmented and contractual responsibilities often deviate from statutory duties. Therefore, this paper proposes a typified rule for liability determination, a stronger duty of care and joint liability for the contract-awarding party, and a moderated burden-of-proof mechanism to improve the liability system and facilitate victim relief.