失能老年人照护保障的现实困境、成因与优化路径

Practical Dilemmas, Causes and Optimization Paths of Care Security for Disabled Older Adults

摘要: 随着人口老龄化程度持续加深，失能老年人照护保障问题日益凸显。相较于一般老年群体，失能老年人在生活照料、健康维护和社会支持等方面具有更强烈、更持续的需求。当前，失能老年人照护保障面临家庭照护承载力下降、专业照护资源欠缺、社区承接能力受限、正式照护与非正式照护衔接不顺畅等现实困境。上述问题的形成，与家庭结构变迁、失能照护需求的高强度与长期性、照护社会化发展相对滞后以及多元主体协同不足密切相关。为此，应从强化家庭照护支持、提升社区照护承接能力、扩大专业照护资源供给、推动正式照护与非正式照护有效衔接、完善多元主体协同支持网络等方面着手，不断优化失能老年人照护保障，提升其照护支持的连续性、可及性与有效性。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging, the issue of care support for disabled older adults has become increasingly prominent. Disabled older adults have continuous and complex needs in daily care, health maintenance, and emotional support, and the level of care support they receive is directly related to their quality of life and dignity in later life. At present, care support for disabled older adults faces a number of practical difficulties, including the declining capacity of family care, insufficient professional care resources, limited community-based care capacity, and poor coordination between formal and informal care. These problems are mainly caused by changes in family structure, the growing demand for disability care, the lagging development of care socialization, and insufficient collaboration among multiple stakeholders. On this basis, efforts should be made to strengthen family care support, improve community-based care capacity, expand the supply of professional care resources, and improve multi-actor collaborative mechanisms, so as to enhance the continuity, accessibility, and effectiveness of care support for disabled older adults.