“‘两种生产’理论”视域下我国人口老龄化的对策研究

Research on Countermeasures for Population Aging in China from the Perspective of “Two Types of Production” Theory

摘要: 人口老龄化已成为我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家进程中的基本国情，对社会发展、民生保障和经济运行产生深远影响。当前我国既面临人口生产结构失衡、劳动力供给不足的问题，也存在养老领域物质供给短板、协同治理效能不高的困境。为破解我国人口老龄化带来的发展难题，以马克思恩格斯两种生产理论为指导，结合我国人口老龄化发展现状，明确两种生产失衡与人口老龄化的内在关联，针对性提出优化人口生产、强化物质资料生产、构建两种生产协同机制的具体对策，为我国积极应对人口老龄化、实现人口与社会经济协调发展提供理论支撑与实践路径，丰富两种生产理论的当代应用。

Abstract: Population aging has become a fundamental national condition in the process of comprehensively building a socialist modern country in China, having a profound impact on social development, people’s livelihoods, and economic operation. At present, China’s population production faces not only issues of an imbalanced population structure and insufficient labor supply, but also shortcomings in the material provision in the elderly care sector and low efficiency in coordinated governance. To address the development challenges brought by population aging in China, guided by the two types of production theories of Marx and Engels, and considering the current status of population aging in China, this study clarifies the intrinsic relationship between the imbalance of the two types of production and population aging, and proposes specific measures to optimize population production, strengthen material production, and build a coordinated mechanism for the two types of production. This provides theoretical support and practical pathways for China to actively respond to population aging and achieve coordinated development of population and socio-economic growth, while enriching the contemporary application of the two types of production theory.