论元好问纪乱诗的意象营构与意脉流动——以《癸巳五月三日北渡三首》为例

On the Construction of Imagery and the Flow of Meaning in Yuan Haowen’s Poems on the Rebellion—A Case Study of “Three Poems on Crossing the River Northward on the Third Day of the Fifth Month of the Year of Gui Si”

摘要: 元好问写于金元更迭之际的“纪乱诗”具有意脉顺畅，意象丰富的特点。其多样的意象营构则是意脉流通的主要原因。《癸巳五月三日北渡三首》作为其“纪乱诗”的开篇之作，运用了比喻、借代、起兴的修辞手法，通过借彼象喻此象、借彼物代此物以及借物兴意三种不同的意象营构，展现并强化了对家国沦丧的悲哀、百姓流离失所的苦难以及对战争的排斥与痛责的意脉，艺术效果颇高，富有研究价值。

Abstract: Yuan Haowen’s “Poems Chronicling the Turmoil”, written during the transition from the Jin to the Yuan dynasties, are characterized by a smooth flow of meaning and rich imagery. The construction of these diverse images is the primary reason for this fluidity of meaning. “Three Poems on Crossing the River Northward on the Third Day of the Fifth Month of the Year of Gui Si”, serving as the opening piece of his “Poems Chronicling the Turmoil”, employs rhetorical devices such as metaphor, metonymy, and the use of imagery to evoke emotion. Through three distinct methods of imagery construction—using one image to symbolize another, substituting one object for another, and using objects to evoke emotions—the poem vividly portrays and intensifies the sorrow over the downfall of the nation and the people, the suffering of the displaced common people, and his rejection and condemnation of war. The poem achieves a high level of artistic effectiveness and is of great scholarly value.