数字普惠金融赋能乡村振兴——基于河南省视角

Digital Inclusive Finance Empowering Rural Revitalization—A Perspective from Henan Province

摘要: 河南作为全国农业大省，拥有“中原粮仓”的称号，粮食种植、特色种养和乡村产业构成乡村振兴的核心底盘，数字普惠金融依托大数据、区块链和物联网等数字技术，成为破解河南传统农村融资难、融资贵和风控难的核心抓手。立足河南粮食主产区、豫南特色种养区、豫东果蔬产业带和豫西丘陵山区差异化资源禀赋，本文结合省内政策落地与各地典型实践，从技术–制度–能力三维协同框架切入，梳理河南数字普惠金融嵌入全农业产业链的创新模式，总结粮食供应链金融、特色产业定制贷、闲置资源数字化盘活和绿色碳汇金融四大本土化实践成果；同时剖析河南在城乡数字基建失衡、农村数字鸿沟突出、涉农数据孤岛和新型抵质押制度细则缺位等现实瓶颈；最终从技术适老化改造、分层农民数字培育、涉农数据联盟搭建和地方金融制度创新四个维度提出优化路径。研究表明，河南已探索出适配中原农业大省特质的数字普惠赋能路径，经验可辐射黄淮平原农业片区，完善配套机制后能够持续释放数字红利，助力河南农业强省建设与全域乡村振兴落地。

Abstract: As a major agricultural province in China, Henan is known as the “Granary of the Central Plains”. Grain cultivation, characteristic planting and breeding as well as rural industries lay the core foundation for rural revitalization. Relying on digital technologies including big data, blockchain and the Internet of Things, digital inclusive finance has become a crucial approach to resolving the long-standing difficulties of financing access, high financing costs and risk control in Henan’s traditional rural areas. Based on the differentiated resource endowments of Henan’s major grain-producing areas, featuring planting and breeding zones in southern Henan, fruit and vegetable industrial belts in eastern Henan and hilly mountainous regions in western Henan, this paper combines local policy implementation and typical regional practices. From the three-dimensional collaborative framework of technology-institution-capacity, it sorts out innovative modes for digital inclusive finance to integrate into the entire agricultural industrial chain in Henan, and summarizes four localized practical achievements, namely grain supply chain finance, customized loans for featured industries, digital activation of idle rural resources and green carbon sink finance. Meanwhile, it analyzes existing constraints such as unbalanced urban-rural digital infrastructure, prominent rural digital divide, isolated agriculture-related data and incomplete detailed rules for new-type collateral systems. Finally, optimization suggestions are put forward from four perspectives: aging-adaptive digital technology upgrading, tiered digital literacy training for farmers, construction of agriculture-related data alliance and local financial institutional innovation. The study concludes that Henan has developed a targeted digital inclusive empowerment path matching its positioning as a large provincial agricultural base in the Central Plains. Its practical experience can be extended to agricultural regions across the Huanghuai Plain, and continual digital dividends can be unlocked with improved supporting systems to facilitate the construction of a strong agricultural province and comprehensive rural revitalization in Henan.