粮食安全视角下农户复耕意愿的困境与对策研究

A Study on Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Willingness to Resume Cultivation from the Perspective of Food Security

摘要: 耕地是粮食生产的核心载体，遏制耕地撂荒、激活撂荒地复耕潜力，是筑牢国家粮食安全底线、保障粮食稳产保供的关键举措。当前我国农村耕地撂荒现象呈现碎片化、区域性、反复性特征，农户作为耕地复耕的核心主体，其复耕意愿直接决定撂荒地治理成效和耕地资源利用效率。本文立足国家粮食安全战略视角，系统梳理我国农户耕地复耕现状，深入剖析农户复耕意愿低迷、复耕后易返荒的现实困境及深层成因，从经济收益、劳动力资源、农业配套、政策落实、认知观念五个维度挖掘核心问题，最终结合农业发展实际，提出针对性、可落地的提升对策，为盘活农村闲置耕地、稳定粮食生产规模、夯实粮食安全根基提供理论参考与实践支撑。

Abstract: Cultivated land serves as the core carrier of grain production. Curbing cultivated land abandonment and tapping the potential of recultivating abandoned farmland constitute pivotal measures for consolidating the bottom line of national food security and securing stable grain output and supply. At present, the phenomenon of farmland abandonment in rural China is characterized by fragmentation, regional disparity and recurrence. As the principal stakeholders of recultivation, farmers’ willingness to resume cultivation directly determines the governance performance of abandoned land and the utilization efficiency of cultivated land resources. From the perspective of the national food security strategy, this paper systematically sorts out the current situation of farmers recultivating abandoned farmland in China, and thoroughly analyzes practical dilemmas and underlying causes including farmers’ low willingness to resume cultivation and the high risk of re-abandonment after recultivation. Core constraints are identified across five dimensions: economic returns, labor resources, agricultural supporting facilities, policy implementation, and cognitive perceptions. Combined with the realities of agricultural development, this study finally puts forward targeted and actionable improvement countermeasures, providing theoretical references and practical support for revitalizing idle rural cultivated land, stabilizing grain production scale, and consolidating the foundation of food security.