浮石轻骨料混凝土复合墙板的研究进展

Research Progress on Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Composite Wall Panels

摘要: 在“双碳”目标与装配式建筑持续推进的背景下，外围护墙体正向轻质、高强、自保温、耐久方向迭代。浮石作为天然多孔火山岩轻骨料，具有密度低、内养护效应显著、无需煅烧、在山西–内蒙古–东北一带储量可观等特点，是轻骨料混凝土领域仅次于陶粒的区域性候选骨料；将浮石轻骨料混凝土与保温芯材、轻钢骨架或钢筋桁架复合成墙板，可同时发挥其在保温、隔音、承载上的综合优势，契合严寒区近零能耗建筑与装配式建造的双重需求。本文以近五年公开发表的中英文文献为基础，从浮石轻骨料混凝土的配合比优化与改性、耐久性与环境适应性、复合墙板结构形式与力学性能、热工性能与装配式应用四个层面展开综述。研究表明：材料层面上，纳米SiO₂、硅灰、聚合物涂层及纤维掺入等手段已能有效提升浮石混凝土的强度与抗冻性；但专门针对“浮石轻骨料混凝土 + 复合墙板”这一集成体的研究仍明显少于陶粒体系，尤其在面层–保温芯材的长期粘结退化、低弹模条件下拉结件的锚固滑移机理、温湿度耦合作用下的组合变形与开裂风险等方面尚存显著空白。未来应重点围绕6个具体科学问题展开攻关，包括栓钉连接件在徐变影响下的剪切滑移本构、面向晋蒙地区的浮石骨料碳排放因子数据库等，以推动浮石墙板从材料研究向部品化应用跨越。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the “dual carbon” goals and the continuous advancement of prefabricated construction, exterior enclosure walls are evolving toward lightweight, high-strength, self-insulating, and durable solutions. As a natural porous volcanic lightweight aggregate, pumice features low density, significant internal curing effects, no need for calcination, and considerable reserves in the Shanxi-Inner Mongolia-Northeast China region, making it a regional candidate aggregate second only to ceramsite in the field of lightweight aggregate concrete. Combining pumice lightweight aggregate concrete with insulation cores, light steel frames, or steel bar trusses to form composite wall panels can simultaneously leverage its comprehensive advantages in thermal insulation, sound insulation, and load-bearing capacity, meeting the dual demands of near-zero energy buildings and prefabricated construction in severe cold regions. Based on publicly available Chinese and English literature published in the past five years, this paper provides a comprehensive review from four aspects: mix proportion optimization and modification of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete, durability and environmental adaptability, structural forms and mechanical properties of composite wall panels, and thermal performance with prefabricated applications. The review indicates that at the material level, nano-SiO₂, silica fume, polymer coatings, and fiber incorporation have effectively improved the strength and frost resistance of pumice concrete. However, research specifically targeting the integrated system of “pumice lightweight aggregate concrete + composite wall panels” remains significantly less extensive than that for ceramsite systems, with notable gaps in long-term bond degradation between the face layer and insulation core, anchorage-slip mechanisms of connectors under low elastic modulus conditions, and combined deformation and cracking risks under coupled temperature-humidity effects. Future efforts should focus on six specific scientific questions, including the shear-slip constitutive model of stud connectors considering creep effects and the establishment of a carbon emission factor database for pumice aggregates in the Shanxi-Inner Mongolia region, to promote the transition of pumice wall panels from material research to component-level applications.