警告义“小心我VP”构式研究

A Study on the Construction “Beware I VP”

摘要: “小心我VP”在句法语义限制和会话双方共有的假设关系前提下，构式义为“说话人以威胁性动作VP警告听话人停止不当行为”。本文在构式语法理论基础上，结合共时分析和历时考察，发现该构式具有主语固定、动词短语惩罚性、语气强烈等特征；在语用上表现为言语警告、行为威慑、调侃威胁三种类型；其警告义的规约化是语境压制、隐喻扩展和语用推理固化的结果。

Abstract: Under syntactic-semantic constraints and the premise of shared assumptions between interlocutors, the construction “Beware I VP” conveys the meaning that the speaker warns the listener to cease inappropriate behavior through a threatening action denoted by VP. Based on construction grammar theory and combining synchronic analysis with diachronic investigation, this study reveals that the construction exhibits features such as fixed subject, punitive verb phrase, and strong tone. Pragmatically, it manifests in three types: verbal warning, behavioral intimidation, and teasing threat. The conventionalization of its warning meaning results from contextual suppression, metaphorical extension, and solidification through pragmatic inference.