OPC模式下跨境电商运行机制的重构与路径优化研究

Operation Mechanism Reconstruction and Path Optimization of Cross-Border E-Commerce under the OPC Model

摘要: 随着跨境电商规模不断扩大以及人工智能技术的飞速发展，一种新型企业形态–“一人公司”(简称OPC)逐渐兴起，成为政府重点支持和创业者广泛关注的新赛道。基于运行机制重构视角，本文从交易成本、生产函数和组织结构三个维度探讨OPC模式如何重塑跨境电商的运行机制，进一步分析其运行过程中存在的问题并给出路径优化建议。研究发现，OPC模式降低了交易成本，推动跨境电商由多层次、劳动和资本密集型模式转向单一层次和数据驱动型模式。与此同时，该模式下也产生了决策风险高、执行过度依赖AI、外部协调困难和合规不确定性的问题。研究结论有助于深化对OPC模式下跨境电商的运行机制变革的理解，为促进跨境电商蓬勃发展提供理论参考。

Abstract: With the continuous expansion of cross-border e-commerce and the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, a new organizational form, the One Person Company (OPC), has gradually emerged, becoming a key focus of government support and entrepreneurial attention. From the perspective of operational mechanism reconstruction, this paper examines how the OPC model reshapes the operation mechanism of cross-border e-commerce from three dimensions: transaction costs, production function, and organizational structure. It further analyzes the challenges encountered in its operation and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. The findings indicate that the OPC model significantly reduces transaction costs and promotes a transformation of cross-border e-commerce from a multi-layered, labor- and capital-intensive structure to a single-layer, data-driven model. Meanwhile, this model also gives rise to several challenges, including high decision-making risks, excessive reliance on AI in execution, difficulties in external coordination, and uncertainties in compliance. The conclusions of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the transformation of operational mechanisms under the OPC model and provide theoretical insights for fostering the thriving development of cross-border e-commerce.