基于文献挖掘的儿童腹痛证素分布规律与证型特点研究

A Study on the Distribution Patterns of Syndrome Elements and Characteristics of Syndrome Types in Children with Abdominal Pain Based on Literature Mining

摘要: 儿童腹痛是儿科临床常见病症，中医药治疗具有独特优势。本文通过对2000~2025年公开发表的46篇儿童腹痛相关文献进行系统梳理，运用证素分析方法，探讨儿童腹痛的病理因素分布规律、病位特征及核心证型构成。研究发现：儿童腹痛的病理因素以寒邪、食积、气滞、虚寒为核心要素，病位主要在脾胃、肝、肠；证型分布以脾胃虚寒证、乳食积滞证、腹部中寒证、肝郁气滞证四大类为主，不同证型之间常相互兼夹。本文系统总结了儿童腹痛的证素分布特点，为临床辨证论治提供理论依据，并提出“审因论治、脏腑同治、内外合治”的治疗原则。

Abstract: Abdominal pain in children is a common clinical condition in pediatrics, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers unique therapeutic advantages. This study systematically reviewed 46 published articles on pediatric abdominal pain from 2000 to 2025, employing syndrome element analysis to investigate the distribution patterns of pathological factors, disease locations, and core syndrome types. The results revealed that the core pathological factors of pediatric abdominal pain include cold pathogen, food accumulation, qi stagnation, and deficiency-cold, with the disease locations primarily involving the spleen, stomach, liver, and intestines. The predominant syndrome types were spleen-stomach deficiency-cold syndrome, milk-food accumulation syndrome, cold invasion of the abdomen syndrome, and liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome, which often overlapped in clinical presentation. This study systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of syndrome elements in pediatric abdominal pain, providing a theoretical basis for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. Furthermore, it proposes the therapeutic principle of “etiology-based treatment, simultaneous regulation of zang-fu organs, and combined internal and external therapy”.