儿童注意缺陷多动障碍数字疗法研究进展

Research Progress of Digital Therapeutics for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

摘要: 儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是高发病率的儿童神经发育障碍性疾病，也是导致青少年学业问题的主要原因，传统治疗是药物加行为训练，但存在长期服药，家长抵触药物副作用、孩子依从性不佳，行为治疗实施受限等问题，严重影响治疗效果。数字疗法依托游戏化认知与行为功能训练、无创神经调控、虚拟现实、眼动追踪等数字化技术成为新型非药物治疗热点，国内外已有获批处方级数字治疗产品，本文系统梳理四类主流数字疗法的临床研究进展，对比国内外研究侧重差异，总结各类技术单用及联合药物、康复、中医方案的协同疗效，同时指出目前所面临的挑战以及未来发展的展望，整合近年临床研究证据，以期为儿童ADHD临床治疗与科研创新提供理论参考。

Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and a leading cause of academic difficulties among adolescents. Conventional treatments combine pharmacotherapy with behavioral training, yet their therapeutic effects are severely compromised by several limitations, including long-term medication administration, parental concerns over drug side effects, poor treatment adherence in children, and constraints on the implementation of behavioral interventions. Digital therapeutics (DTx), supported by digital technologies such as gamified cognitive-behavioral training, non-invasive neuromodulation, virtual reality, and eye-tracking, have emerged as a popular novel non-pharmacological intervention. Prescription-grade digital therapeutic products have been approved both domestically and internationally. This paper systematically reviews clinical research advances in four mainstream categories of digital therapeutics, compares the research priorities between China and foreign countries, and summarizes the synergistic efficacy of each technology when used alone or combined with medications, rehabilitation programs, and traditional Chinese medicine regimens. It also addresses existing challenges and prospects for future development, integrating clinical evidence published in recent years to provide theoretical references for clinical intervention and scientific innovation in pediatric ADHD.