父母教养方式对小学生社交焦虑的影响研究

A Study on the Influence of Parental Rearing Styles on Social Anxiety in Primary School Children

摘要: 小学生处于社会性发展和自我意识形成的重要阶段，容易在同伴交往、课堂发言和集体活动中产生社交焦虑。父母教养方式作为重要的家庭因素，会影响儿童的安全感、自我评价和心理适应。积极、温暖的教养方式有助于提升小学生的心理资本，减轻其对负面评价的担忧，从而缓解社交焦虑；而拒绝、严厉或过度保护等消极教养方式则可能增强儿童的敏感、自卑和回避心理，加重社交焦虑。因此，改善父母教养方式、降低负面评价恐惧并提升心理资本，对促进小学生心理健康发展具有重要意义。

Abstract: Primary school children are at a critical stage of social development and self-awareness formation, making them prone to social anxiety in peer interactions, classroom participation, and group activities. As a significant family factor, parental rearing styles influence children’s sense of security, self-evaluation, and psychological adaptation. Positive and warm rearing styles can enhance primary school children’s psychological capital, alleviate their fear of negative evaluation, and thereby reduce social anxiety. In contrast, negative rearing styles such as rejection, harshness, or overprotection may heighten children’s sensitivity, inferiority, and avoidance tendencies, thus exacerbating social anxiety. Therefore, improving parental rearing styles, reducing fear of negative evaluation, and enhancing psychological capital are of great significance for promoting the mental health development of primary school children.