运用思维导图构建初中物理知识体系的实践研究——以“运动和力”单元为例

A Practical Study on Constructing Junior High School Physics Knowledge System Using Mind Maps—Taking the “Motion and Force” Unit as an Example

摘要: 初中物理“运动和力”单元涉及速度、惯性、摩擦力等多个核心概念，学生常因知识点分散而难以建立整体认知。本研究采用思维导图工具辅助教学，通过概念导图、解题导图、系统导图三个阶段的实践，帮助学生构建网络化知识体系，思维导图通过可视化呈现知识关联，能有效突破“力是维持运动原因”等错误前概念，促进学生从碎片化记忆向系统化理解转变，知识迁移能力显著增强。教学实践表明，分阶段运用思维导图可显著提升学生问题分析能力，为物理核心素养培养提供可操作路径。

Abstract: The “Motion and Force” unit in junior high school physics involves multiple core concepts such as speed, inertia, and friction. Students often struggle to establish a holistic understanding due to the fragmented nature of the knowledge points. This study employs mind maps as a teaching tool, implementing a three-stage practice comprising concept maps, problem-solving maps, and system maps to help students construct a networked knowledge system. By visualizing knowledge relationships, mind maps can effectively overcome erroneous preconceptions such as “force is the cause of motion,” facilitating students’ transition from fragmented memorization to systematic understanding and significantly enhancing their knowledge transfer ability. Teaching practice demonstrates that the phased application of mind maps can markedly improve students’ problem analysis capabilities, providing an actionable pathway for cultivating core physics literacy.