大豆收获机斗式升运器设计

Design of Bucket Elevator for Soybean Harvester

摘要: 大豆–玉米带状复合种植模式在我国丘陵山区大力推广，但目前适用于该地形的小型联合收获机研究鲜少，主要是以稻麦联合收割机改造为主，基本能满足大豆收获要求，但收获时大豆破损率高。现有的小型大豆收获机其籽粒升运器大多为螺旋式输送，大豆损伤较多，针对该问题，本研究考虑大豆的物理特性，将斗式升运器运用于大豆收获机籽粒升运装置以达到大豆输送低损伤的工作效果。根据大豆物料特性及4LZD-2型大豆联合收获机作业要求，设计升运器采用顺向进料离心式卸料；通过理论研究设计升运器关键零部件，初步选定料斗为深斗型，通过仿真优化斗式籽粒升运器的参数。仿真结果表明料斗角度与破碎率呈负相关，选定料斗角度为50˚；料斗前檐与机壳进料轮廓线间距对物料进料受力影响较低，但间距小于物料最小尺寸时输送效率最佳，选定间距为4 mm。

Abstract: The soybean and corn strip intercropping model has been vigorously promoted in hilly and mountainous areas of our country. However, at present, there are few studies on small combine harvesters suitable for this terrain. The main focus is on the modification of rice and wheat combine harvesters, which can basically meet the requirements of soybean harvesting, but the rate of soybean damage during harvesting is high. Most of the existing small soybean harvesters have spiral conveyors for grain transportation, which causes more damage to soybeans. To address this issue, this study considers the physical properties of soybeans and applies bucket elevators to the grain transportation device of soybean harvesters to achieve a low-damage working effect in soybean transportation. According to the characteristics of soybean materials and the operation requirements of the 4LZD-2 type soybean combine harvester, the lift is designed to adopt a forward feeding centrifugal discharge. Through theoretical research, the key components of the transporter were designed. The hopper was initially selected as a deep hopper type, and the parameters of the bucket-type grain transporter were optimized through simulation. The simulation results show that the hopper Angle is negatively correlated with the crushing rate, and the selected hopper Angle is 50˚. The distance between the front eave of the hopper and the feed profile line of the casing has a relatively low influence on the force of material feeding. However, the conveying efficiency is the best when the distance is less than the minimum size of the material. The selected distance is 4 mm.