养老机构口腔衰弱老年人肌少症现状及影响因素研究
Sarcopenia Status and Influencing Factors among Oral Frail Elderly in Nursing Institutions
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2026.158273, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 覃钰君*, 侯晓飞, 唐启群#, 靳 杨, 佟长颖, 胡惠菊：华北理工大学护理与康复学院，河北 唐山
关键词: 口腔衰弱；老年人；肌少症；影响因素；养老机构；Oral Frailty； Elderly； Sarcopenia； Influencing Factors； Nursing Homes
摘要: 目的：分析养老机构口腔衰弱老年人肌少症发生现状及影响因素，为制定针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2025年7月~10月在唐山市8家养老机构的487例口腔衰弱老年人作为调查对象，测量老年人的肌肉质量(四肢骨骼肌指数)、肌肉力量(握力)及身体活动能力(步行速度)，采用一般资料问卷、口腔衰弱指数-8、微型营养评估简表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、Fried衰弱表型、阿森斯失眠量表进行调查。采用二元Logistic回归分析养老机构口腔衰弱老年人肌少症的相关因素。结果：32.6%的养老机构口腔衰弱老年人发生肌少症。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，高龄、吸烟、营养不良、每周锻炼频次、一年内发生跌倒、衰弱是养老机构口腔衰弱老年人肌少症发生的相关因素(P < 0.05)。结论：养老机构口腔衰弱老年人肌少症患病率较高，养老机构护理人员应根据其相关因素制定针对性、个性化的干预措施，以预防或延缓肌少症的发生发展。
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of sarcopenia in oral frail elderly residing in nursing institutions, so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods: A total of 487 oral frail elderly individuals from 8 nursing institutions in Tangshan City were selected as research subjects by convenient sampling method from July to October 2025. Their muscle mass (assessed by Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index, ASMI), muscle strength (assessed by handgrip strength), and physical activity ability (assessed by gait speed) were measured. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8), Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Fried Frailty Phenotype, and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of sarcopenia in oral frail elderly in nursing institutions. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia among oral frail elderly in nursing institutions was 32.6%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, smoking, malnutrition, weekly exercise frequency, falls in the past year, and frailty were the influencing factors of sarcopenia in this population (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia is relatively high in oral frail elderly in nursing institutions. Nursing staff in nursing institutions should formulate targeted and individualized intervention measures according to these influencing factors to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of sarcopenia.
文章引用：覃钰君, 侯晓飞, 唐启群, 靳杨, 佟长颖, 胡惠菊. 养老机构口腔衰弱老年人肌少症现状及影响因素研究[J]. 护理学, 2026, 15(8): 294-302. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2026.158273

参考文献

[1] Cruz-Jentoft, A.J. and Sayer, A.A. (2019) Sarcopenia. The Lancet, 393, 2636-2646.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31138-9
[2] Wang, L., Chao, J., Zhang, N., Li, X., Li, J., Jin, S., et al. (2025) Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gerontology, 72, 110-125.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000549808
[3] Yoshida, M., Hiraoka, A., Takeda, C., Mori, T., Maruyama, M., Yoshikawa, M., et al. (2022) Oral Hypofunction and Its Relation to Frailty and Sarcopenia in Community‐Dwelling Older People. Gerodontology, 39, 26-32.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12603
[4] 周艺林, 范清清, 彭朋, 等. 老年住院患者肌少症相关因素分析及风险预测模型构建和验证[J]. 重庆医科大学学报, 2025, 50(10): 1434-1441.
[5] 王俊琳, 郝明秀, 唐吟菡, 等. 慢性病共病、相位角与老年人肌少症相关的肌肉质量减少的关系研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2024, 44(2): 196-203.
[6] Chang, H., Lee, J., Gil, C. and Kim, M. (2020) Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults According to Simplified Algorithms for Sarcopenia Consensus Based on Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 15, 2291-2299.
https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.s281131
[7] 陈宗梅, 谭莹, 梁远俊, 等. 老年人口腔衰弱筛查量表的汉化及信效度检验[J]. 护理研究, 2023, 37(21): 3808-3812.
[8] Kaiser, M.J., Bauer, J.M., Ramsch, C., Uter, W., Guigoz, Y., Cederholm, T., et al. (2009) Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA®-SF): A Practical Tool for Identification of Nutritional Status. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 13, 782-788.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0214-7
[9] Nasreddine, Z.S., Phillips, N.A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., et al. (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Moca: A Brief Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 695-699.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
[10] Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., et al. (2001) Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56, M146-M157.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146
[11] Soldatos, C.R., Dikeos, D.G. and Paparrigopoulos, T.J. (2000) Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an Instrument Based on ICD-10 Criteria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 555-560.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7
[12] Chen, L., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T., Chou, M., Iijima, K., et al. (2020) Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21, 300-307.e2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012
[13] 郭子鑫, 徐慧萍, 张艳, 等. 住院老年患者口腔衰弱与肌少症共病现状及相关因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(3): 281-287.
[14] Yang, L., Wu, G., Yang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, M., et al. (2019) Nutrition, Physical Exercise, and the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Elderly Residents in Nursing Homes in China. Medical Science Monitor, 25, 4390-4399.
https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.914031
[15] Yalcin, A., Aras, S., Atmis, V., Cengiz, O.K., Varli, M., Cinar, E., et al. (2016) Sarcopenia Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Older People Living in a Nursing Home in Ankara Turkey. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 16, 903-910.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12570
[16] Szentesi, P., Csernoch, L., Dux, L. and Keller-Pintér, A. (2019) Changes in Redox Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle with Aging. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, Article ID: 4617801.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4617801
[17] Neves, C.D.C., Lacerda, A.C.R., Lage, V.K.S., Lima, L.P., Tossige-Gomes, R., Fonseca, S.F., et al. (2016) Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Are Present in Healthy Smokers. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 49, e5512.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20165512
[18] Fitzgerald, L.F., Lackey, J., Moussa, A., Shah, S.V., Castellanos, A.M., Khan, S., et al. (2024) Chronic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activity Impairs Muscle Mitochondrial Function with Tobacco Smoking. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 15, 646-659.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13439
[19] Prokopidis, K. and Witard, O.C. (2022) Understanding the Role of Smoking and Chronic Excess Alcohol Consumption on Reduced Caloric Intake and the Development of Sarcopenia. Nutrition Research Reviews, 35, 197-206.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954422421000135
[20] He, W., Connolly, E.D., Cross, H.R. and Wu, G. (2025) Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intakes for Mitigating Sarcopenia in Humans. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 65, 2538-2561.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2024.2348549
[21] Beaudart, C., Sanchez-Rodriguez, D., Locquet, M., Reginster, J., Lengelé, L. and Bruyère, O. (2019) Malnutrition as a Strong Predictor of the Onset of Sarcopenia. Nutrients, 11, Article 2883.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122883
[22] Damanti, S., Senini, E., De Lorenzo, R., Merolla, A., Santoro, S., Festorazzi, C., et al. (2025) Molecular Constraints of Sarcopenia in the Ageing Muscle. Frontiers in Aging, 6, Article 1588014.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2025.1588014
[23] Kakita, D., Harada, K., Kurita, S., Morikawa, M., Nishijima, C., Fujii, K., et al. (2025) Sarcopenia and Life-Course Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older People. Maturitas, 202, Article ID: 108698.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108698
[24] 孙嘉禾, 史冀鹏, 朱天瑞, 等. 运动对肌少症及其合并症老年人影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(4): 997-1007.
[25] Yeung, S.S.Y., Reijnierse, E.M., Pham, V.K., Trappenburg, M.C., Lim, W.K., Meskers, C.G.M., et al. (2019) Sarcopenia and Its Association with Falls and Fractures in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 10, 485-500.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12411
[26] Liu, Y., Tang, Z., Hou, X., Yuan, Y., Hsu, Y., Lin, J., et al. (2025) Association of Daily Sitting Time and Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Sarcopenia among Chinese Older Adults. Healthcare, 13, Article 251.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030251
[27] Ye, L., Liang, R., Liu, X., Li, J., Yue, J. and Zhang, X. (2023) Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Bibliometric Analysis of Their Association and Potential Targets for Intervention. Ageing Research Reviews, 92, Article ID: 102111.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2023.102111

为你推荐