中医药治疗支气管哮喘的研究进展

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma

摘要: 支气管哮喘是临床较为常见的气道慢性炎症性疾病，以反复发作的喘息、气短、胸闷、咳嗽为主要症状。流行病学显示，全球哮喘患者超3亿人，我国20岁及以上人群患病率达4.2%，疾病负担较为沉重。哮喘严重影响患者的生活质量，并造成巨大社会经济压力。当前，西医以吸入性糖皮质激素联合长效β2受体激动剂为主要治疗手段，虽能控制急性发作，但存在激素耐药、不良反应、停药后易复发及难以逆转的气道重塑等局限。相较之下，中医药治疗哮喘展现出其独到优势，通过多靶点整体调节，在缓解期固本培元、发作期祛邪平喘。本文系统综述中医药论治哮喘的理论基础、临床疗效及相关作用机制研究进展，以期为本病的临床诊治提供参考。

Abstract: Bronchial asthma is a common clinical airway chronic inflammatory disease, with recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, cough as the main symptoms. Epidemiology shows that there are more than 300 million people with asthma in the world, and the prevalence rate of people aged 20 and above in China is 4.2%, and the disease burden is relatively heavy. Asthma seriously affects the quality of life of patients and causes great socio-economic pressure. At present, inhaled corticosteroids combined with long-acting β2 receptor agonists are the main treatment methods in western medicine. Although they can control acute attacks, there are limitations such as hormone resistance, adverse reactions, easy recurrence after drug withdrawal, and irreversible airway remodeling. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine shows its unique advantages in the treatment of asthma. Through the overall regulation of multiple targets, it can consolidate the foundation and cultivate the yuan in the remission period and eliminate pathogenic factors and relieve asthma in the attack period. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical basis, clinical efficacy and related mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of asthma, in order to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.