电商平台预付式消费的法律规制研究

Research on Legal Regulation of Prepaid Consumption in E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 预付式消费作为一种新的消费模式，在电商场景下呈现出主体复杂化、交易虚拟化、资金隐蔽化的新特征，传统规制框架面临适用困境。2025年施行的《最高人民法院关于审理预付式消费民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》在责任主体认定、格式条款规制、举证责任分配等方面实现制度创新，但在电商场景下仍存在适用局限。文章以电商场景为切入点，分析现行规制框架的规范供给与适用，揭示准入监管虚置、资金监管困境、消费者救济程序障碍三重制度困境，并提出规制的完善建议。电商预付式消费规制的核心是在消费者保护与商业创新之间寻求动态平衡，应从准入监管、资金监管、消费者救济、平台责任四个维度推进制度完善。

Abstract: As a novel consumption model, prepaid consumption exhibits distinctive characteristics in e-commerce scenarios—including complex stakeholder relationships, virtualized transactions, and concealed fund flows—posing challenges for traditional regulatory frameworks. “The Supreme People’s Court’s 2025 Interpretation on Civil Disputes Involving Prepaid Consumption” introduced institutional innovations in liability determination, standard contract clause regulation, and burden of proof allocation, yet its applicability remains limited in digital commerce contexts. This study examines current regulatory provisions through e-commerce frameworks, identifying three systemic challenges: ineffective market access oversight, funding supervision dilemmas, and obstacles in consumer redress mechanisms, while proposing improvement recommendations. The core of regulating prepaid consumption lies in achieving a dynamic equilibrium between consumer protection and business innovation, requiring comprehensive institutional enhancements across four dimensions: market entry supervision, fund monitoring systems, consumer relief mechanisms, and platform accountability frameworks.