面向“双碳”目标的海洋牧场企业碳管理数字化平台初步研究

A Preliminary Study on a Digital Platform for Corporate Carbon Management in Marine Pastures Aimed at the ‘Dual Carbon’ Targets

摘要: “双碳”目标的实施是我国应对气候变化、促进可持续发展、维护生态环境和实现经济转型的关键战略，直接关系到国家未来与人类生存的可持续性。在此背景下，海洋渔业作为传统重能耗、高碳排产业，正面临着生产方式变革、技术创新突破与产业生态重构的系统性转型压力。海洋牧场企业作为海洋渔业主体，其碳管理能力的现代化是实现国家战略目标的关键。当前，海洋渔业企业在碳核算、减排路径规划及碳资产运营等方面面临数据基础薄弱、技术支撑不足、管理体系缺失等核心挑战。本文立足于国家碳核算标准体系，融合环境经济学、信息科学与管理学理论，提出一个集“监测–核算–管理–减排–评估–交易”于一体的海洋牧场企业碳管理数字化平台综合架构。平台以物联网、大数据、人工智能及区块链技术为数字底座，构建了涵盖精准碳核算、智慧能碳管理、系统性减排路径规划、碳资产开发与价值实现四大核心功能的体系。本文进一步提出了“数据驱动决策”、“产学研协同创新”与“碳金融深度融合”三大创新机制，并深入剖析了平台在零碳园区场景下的应用范式。同时梳理水产养殖LCA、蓝色碳汇核算、智慧渔业领域现有研究进展，识别现有研究缺口，新增海洋牧场碳汇计量监测模块，整合遥感、原位传感器、生物生长模型实现贝藻类固碳动态可信核算，并论证碳汇转化为可交易碳资产的实施路径，实现渔获追溯与海洋蓝碳价值核算一体化。最后，论文讨论了海洋牧场平台在数据质量、模型精度、商业模式及制度协同方面面临的挑战与未来演进方向，旨在为构建科学、高效、可持续的海洋牧场企业碳治理体系提供理论参考与实践指南。

Abstract: The implementation of the “dual carbon” targets is a key strategy for China to address climate change, promote sustainable development, safeguard the ecological environment and achieve economic transformation; it is directly linked to the nation’s future and the sustainability of human existence. Against this backdrop, the marine fisheries sector—traditionally characterized by high energy consumption and high carbon emissions—is facing systemic pressures for transformation, including changes in production methods, breakthroughs in technological innovation and the restructuring of the industrial ecosystem. As the main players in the marine fisheries sector, the modernisation of carbon management capabilities among marine aquaculture enterprises is crucial to achieving national strategic objectives. Currently, marine fisheries enterprises face core challenges in areas such as carbon accounting, emissions reduction pathway planning and carbon asset management, including a weak data foundation, insufficient technical support and a lack of management systems. Based on the national carbon accounting standards framework and integrating theories from environmental economics, information science and management science, this paper proposes a comprehensive architectural framework for a digital carbon management platform for marine ranch enterprises that integrates “monitoring, accounting, management, emissions reduction, assessment and trading”. With the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies serving as its digital foundation, the platform establishes a system encompassing four core functions: precise carbon accounting, smart energy and carbon management, systematic emission reduction pathway planning, and carbon asset development and value realisation. This paper further proposes three innovative mechanisms—“data-driven decision-making”, “collaborative innovation among industry, academia and research”, and “deep integration of carbon finance”—and provides an in-depth analysis of the platform’s application paradigm within the context of zero-carbon industrial parks. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions for the marine ranch platform in terms of data quality, model accuracy, business models and institutional coordination, with the aim of providing theoretical references and practical guidelines for establishing a scientific, efficient and sustainable carbon governance system for marine ranch enterprises.