肠道菌群与早发性卵巢功能不全相关性的研究进展综述

A Review of Recent Research Progress on the Association between the Gut Microbiota and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

摘要: 早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)作为一种严重影响女性生殖健康的复杂疾病，其发病机制至今尚未完全阐明。近年来，随着微生态学研究的深入，肠道菌群作为人体关键的内分泌调节器官，在免疫稳态维持、代谢调控及内分泌信号传导中的核心作用逐渐被揭示。本文系统综述了肠道菌群组成结构与POI发生发展之间的相关性，重点探讨了肠道菌群通过免疫调节失衡、短链脂肪酸等代谢产物介导的全身性炎症反应，以及通过“肠–卵巢轴”这一新兴通路影响卵巢储备功能的分子机制。此外，本文还总结了基于益生菌、益生元及粪菌移植等菌群干预策略在POI治疗中的潜在应用价值。通过整合最新研究证据，本文旨在为理解POI的微生态发病机制提供新视角，并为该病的早期诊断与精准治疗策略的制定开辟新途径。

Abstract: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), as a complex disease severely affecting female reproductive health, has a pathogenesis that remains not fully elucidated. In recent years, with the deepening of microbiome research, the gut microbiota, acting as a key endocrine regulatory organ in the human body, has gradually revealed its core roles in maintaining immune homeostasis, regulating metabolism, and transmitting endocrine signals. This article systematically reviews the correlation between the composition and structure of the gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of POI. It focuses on exploring the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects ovarian reserve function through immune dysregulation, systemic inflammatory responses mediated by metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, and via the emerging “gut-ovary axis”. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the potential application value of microbiota intervention strategies based on probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of POI. By integrating the latest research evidence, this article aims to provide new perspectives for understanding the microecological pathogenesis of POI and to open new avenues for the formulation of early diagnosis and precision treatment strategies for this disease.