生物质及典型煤样发热量测定中雷诺温度校正法与国标方法的对比研究

Comparative Study of Reynolds Temperature Correction Method and National Standard Method in the Determination of Calorific Value of Biomass and Typical Coal Samples

摘要: 生物质作为重要的可再生能源，其发热量的准确测定对能源化利用具有重要意义。本文以玉米棒、稻草、秸秆等五种典型生物质及五种煤样为研究对象，采用氧弹式量热法，分别依据国家标准(GB/T 30727—2014)和物理化学实验课程中所学的雷诺温度校正法测定其发热量，系统比较两种方法的测定差异，误差来源及其对测定结果的影响。结果表明，雷诺温度校正法在特定条件下能更准确地反映生物质及煤燃烧过程中的温度变化，尤其适用于非稳态热损失较大的情况(挥发分含量高、灰分含量高、燃烧速率快、热稳定性差等)，而国标方法操作规范性强、适用范围广。本研究为高等学校基础化学实验改革提供了思路，为生物质及煤发热量测定方法的选择提供了实验依据，对生物质及煤能源化利用中的能量评价具有参考价值。

Abstract: As a vital form of renewable energy, accurate determination of biomass calorific value is of great significance for its energy-oriented utilization. In this study, five typical biomass feedstocks including corn cobs, rice straw and crop stalks, as well as five coal samples, were taken as research subjects. Oxygen bomb calorimetry was employed to measure their calorific values, and temperature correction was implemented respectively following the national standard GB/T 30727—2014 and the Reynolds temperature correction method. Systematic comparative analysis was carried out on the measurement discrepancies between the two approaches, the origins of testing errors and their influences on calorific test results. The experimental results reveal that the Reynolds temperature correction method can more precisely reflect the temperature evolution during the combustion of biomass and coal under specific test conditions, which is particularly applicable to fuel systems with remarkable unsteady-state heat loss, such as fuels with high volatile matter, high ash yield, fast combustion rate and poor thermal stability. By contrast, the national standard method boasts standardized operation procedures and wide applicability. This research provides experimental support for the selection of calorific value measurement methods for biomass and coal, and offers referential fundamentals for energy performance evaluation in the energy conversion of biomass and coal.