高速列车通风式制动盘热机耦合响应分析及结构改进
Thermomechanical Coupling Response Analysis and Structural Improvement of Ventilated Brake Discs for High-Speed Trains
摘要: 针对高速列车通风式制动盘紧急制动过程中的温升及局部热应力集中问题，建立三维瞬态热机耦合有限元模型，分析不同制动初速度下制动盘温度场和应力场的演化规律，并对三种结构改进方案进行对比。结果表明，随着制动初速度增加，制动盘峰值温度和峰值等效应力均明显增大；在160 km/h紧急制动工况下，两者分别达到239.8℃和248.7 MPa，散热筋及摩擦环内缘过渡区域为主要应力集中部位。三种改进结构均具有一定的降温和减应力效果，其中，在本文所设结构参数下，径向凹槽结构的改善效果相对较好，盘面峰值温度和散热筋峰值应力分别降低30.6%和10.5%。研究结果可为高速列车通风式制动盘的结构设计与热疲劳防护提供参考。
Abstract: A three-dimensional transient thermo-mechanical finite element model was developed to investigate the temperature and stress responses of a ventilated brake disc for high-speed trains under different initial braking speeds. The results show that both peak temperature and peak von Mises stress increase with braking speed. At 160 km/h, they reach 239.8˚C and 248.7 MPa, respectively, with pronounced stress concentrations occurring at the cooling ribs and the inner transition region of the friction ring. All three improved structures reduce the peak temperature and stress to varying degrees. Under the structural parameters considered in this study, the radial recess structure shows relatively better performance, reducing the peak surface temperature and peak rib stress by 30.6% and 10.5%, respectively. The results provide a reference for brake-disc structural design and thermal-fatigue prevention.
文章引用：张峻滔, 尤小梅, 王晓森. 高速列车通风式制动盘热机耦合响应分析及结构改进[J]. 建模与仿真, 2026, 15(8): 86-96. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2026.158125

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