互联网时代大学生“单向度”风险的生成机制与教育应对研究

A Study on the Formation Mechanism and Educational Responses to “One-Dimensional” Risks among College Students in the Internet Era

摘要: 21世纪以来，以信息技术为代表的科技革命深刻影响着社会和民众，中国全面进入互联网时代。以马尔库塞“单向度”化理论，从分散个体注意力、束缚创造性批判力和个人社交能力的退化等三方面揭露互联网技术对学生个体的异化，并探讨了因技术发展的负效应、大众传媒的影响作用、个体的惰性心理等因素的影响，互联网时代下学生易沦为“单向度”化的人。新时代需要全面发展的人，因此必须进行相应的教育策略与反思：通过网络平台及运营者积极承担社会责任，学生个体主动提高媒介素养，教育部门及高校增设相关教育课程等措施使互联网技术的发展服从于个体自我价值的实现，以消解单向度。

Abstract: Since the 21st century, the technological revolution represented by information technology has profoundly influenced society and the public. China has fully entered the era of the Internet. Using Marcuse’s “one-dimensional” theory, this paper exposes the alienation of students’ individuality caused by the Internet technology from three aspects: the distraction of individual attention, the restriction of creative critical ability, and the deterioration of personal social skills. It also discusses the negative effects of technological development, the influence of mass media, and the inertial psychology of individuals. Under the Internet era, students are prone to become “one-dimensional” individuals. The new era requires well-rounded individuals, so corresponding educational strategies and reflections must be carried out: through the active assumption of social responsibilities by online platforms and operators, students’ individuals actively improve their media literacy, and educational departments and universities add relevant educational courses. These measures aim to make the development of Internet technology subordinate to the realization of individual self-worth, thereby eliminating the one-dimensionality.