毫火针与交叉电项针在卒中相关性肺炎治疗中的应用进展

Research Progress on Extraocular Muscle Paralysis after Stroke and Exploration of the Mechanism of Cross-Electroacupuncture

摘要: 背景：脑卒中后极易继发多种严重并发症，其中卒中相关性肺炎(Stroke-Associated Pneumonia, SAP)为临床最常见的危重合并症之一，整体发病率波动于7%~38%。该并发症可显著升高脑卒中患者死亡风险，延长住院周期，并严重损害患者恢复期生活质量。现阶段西医临床多以抗感染方案作为SAP主要干预手段，但长期用药引发的抗生素耐药、机体免疫失衡等难题仍是临床治疗短板。毫火针与交叉电项针作为中医针灸疗法的重要创新形式，在SAP治疗中展现出独特优势。本文系统梳理两种疗法单独及联合应用于SAP的临床研究进展，深入探讨其作用机制，分析当前研究存在的问题，并展望未来发展方向，为SAP的中西医结合治疗提供参考依据。

Abstract: Background: After stroke, patients are vulnerable to various severe complications. Among them, stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) represents one of the most prevalent critical complications, with an incidence ranging from 7% to 38%. SAP markedly elevates the mortality risk of stroke survivors, prolongs hospital stay, and severely impairs patients’ quality of life during recovery. At present, anti-infection strategies constitute the primary Western medical intervention for SAP. Nevertheless, challenges including antibiotic resistance and immune disturbance induced by long-term medication remain prominent clinical limitations. As innovative modalities of traditional Chinese acupuncture therapy, filiform fire needling and cross electro-nape acupuncture exhibit distinctive advantages in the management of SAP. This paper systematically reviews clinical research progress concerning the two therapies applied separately or in combination for SAP, further explores their potential mechanisms of action, identifies limitations of existing studies, and prospects future research directions, so as to provide references for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of SAP.